Metal Toxicity at the Synapse: Presynaptic, Postsynaptic, and Long-Term Effects

Figure 6

Molecules involved in the transcriptional control of LTP and LTD and effects of metals. LTP-3 depends on the activation of ERK1/2 and CaM kinase IV, which in turn phosphorylate CREB, and this leads to new protein synthesis. Other factors such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) are involved in the formation of long-term depression (LTD) and c-JUN-N-terminal kinase (JNK) is thought to participate in LTD. A green color indicates an activation or an increase, and a red color indicates an inhibition or a decrease.