Review Article
The Adverse Effects of Air Pollution on the Nervous System
Table 1
The effects of air pollutants on neuronal and glial cells in vitro.
| Pollutants | Species | Cell type | Assays | Key findings | References |
| PMs | | | | | | DEPs | Rat | VM Neuron-glia | TH immunostaining | DA neurotoxicity |
[46] | | | OX-42 immunostaining | Microglial activation | Mouse (PHOX−/−) | Microglia | DCFH-DA | Increased microglial ROS | Microglia | DA uptake | No DEP neurotoxicity | DEPs + LPS | Rat | VM Neuron-glia | Griess reaction | Increased NO production |
[49] | Rat | HAPI microglial | TH immunostaining | DA neurotoxicity | | cell line | ELISA | Increased TNFα release | DEPs | Rat | Brain capillaries | CM-H2DCFDA | Increased ROS production |
[47] | | | ELISA | Increased TNFα release | CAPs | Mouse | BV2 microglial cell line | ELISA | Increased TNFα, IL6 release Increased P-glycoprotein |
[50] | | | Western blotting microarray | Upregulated inflammatory genes | |
| Ozone | Rat | Astrocyte | MDA | Increased lipid peroxidation |
[48] | | | | LDH | Decreased cell viability |
|
|
Abbreviations: concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), 2′,7′-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA), dopaminergic (DA), diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), ventral mesencephalic (VM).
|