In Vitro Reporter Assays for Screening of Chemicals That Disrupt Androgen Signaling
Table 1
List of countries and regulatory agencies that have devised rules for monitoring EDCs.
S. number
Country
Regulatory agency
Mandate/strategy
1
USA
EPA-EDSP
Two-tiered in vitro and in vivo assays to identify and classify substances relative to their potential interaction with endocrine systems (Tier 1) and then to develop concentration-response relationship in animal models (Tier 2).
2
Japan
Environmental Agency-SPEED
(1) Promotion of field investigations into the present state of environmental pollution and of adverse effects on wildlife of endocrine disrupting chemicals. (2) Promotion of research and screening and testing method development. (3) Promotion of environmental risk assessment, risk management, and information dissemination. (4) Strengthening of international networks.
3
European Union
European Commission
(1) Short term strategy: to establish a priority list of candidate substances for further evaluation of their ED properties. (2) Medium-term strategy: the European Commission has made funding of research linked to ED a priority for their fifth, sixth, and seventh Framework Programmes. (3) Long term strategy includes development and adaptation of legislative instruments and policy action that enable hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk management of EDCs.