Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review

Table 1

Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms.

Heavy Metals	Effects on Microbes	Citations
Arsenic	Deactivation of enzymes	[40]
Cadmium	Denature protein, destroy nucleic acid, hinder cell division and transcription	[38]
Chromium	Growth inhibition, elongation of lag phase, inhibition of oxygen uptake	[32]
Copper	Disrupt cellular function, inhibit enzyme activities	[38]
Selenium	Inhibits growth rate	[41]
Lead	Destroyed nucleic acid and protein, inhibit enzyme actions and transcription	[38]
Mercury	Denature protein, inhibit enzyme function, disrupt cell membrane	[38]
Nickel	Upset cell membrane, hinder enzyme activities and oxidative stress	[38, 42]
Silver	Cell lysis, inhibit cell transduction and growth	[43]
Zinc	Death, decrease in biomass, inhibits growth	[42]