Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review

Table 3

Remediation of heavy metal by microorganisms.

Microbial Group	Bioremediator	Metals	Metal ion Concentration (mg/L)	Sorption Efficiency (%)	Reference
Bacteria	Acinetobacter sp.	Cr	16	87	[80]
	Sporosarcina saromensis (M52)		50	82.5	[81]
	Bacillus cereus		1500	81	[82]
	Bacillus cereus (immobilized)		1500	96
	Bacillus circulans MN1		1110	71.4	[83]
	Bacillus cereus plus 0.5 glucose		1	78	[77]
	Bacillus cereus		1	72
	Bacillus sp. SFC		25	80	[84]
			50	43
	Bacillus subtilis		0.57	99.6	[76]
	Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (KCTC 5768) (immobilize on zeolite)		100	99.8	[76]
			200	56.1
			50	99.6
	Staphylococcus sp.		4.108	45	[85]
	Bacillus sp.(B2)		50-37.06	74.1	[86]
	Bacillus sp.(B4)		50-36.57	73.14
	Bacillus sp.(B9)		50-30.75	61.5
	Bacillus sp.(B2)		100-42.15	42.15
	Bacillus sp.(B4)		100-73.41	73.41
	Bacillus sp.(B9)		100-60	60
	Bacillus sp.(B4)		200-97.76	48.88
	Bacillus sp.(B2)		200-81.5	40.75
	Bacillus sp.(B9)		200-78.7	39.39
	Micrococcus sp.		100	90	[87]
	Acinetobacter sp. B9(MTCC10506		16	78	[88]
			15	81
	Acinetobacter sp. B9		7	67	[89]
			30	93.7
			246	55.4
	Acinetobacter haemolyticus		70	88	[90]
			100	75
	Acinetobacter sp. (PCP3)		—	86	[91]
	E.coli ( PCP1)		—	45
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PCP2)		—	55
	Streptomyces sp.		6.42	72	[85]
	Immobilized B. subtilis (B bead)		570-2	99.6	[92]
	Immobilized P. aeruginosa (P bead)		570-4	99.3
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P)		570-2	99.6	[92]
	Bacillus subtilis (B)		570-2	99.6
	Stenotrophomonas sp.		16.59	81.27	[93]
Bacteria	Cellulosimicrobium sp. (KX710177)	Pb	50	99.33	[94]
			100	96.98
			200	84.62
			300	62.28
	Methylobacterium organophilum		—	18	[95]
	Gemella sp.		0.3	55.16±0.06	[96]
	Micrococcus sp.			36.55±0.01
	Bacillus firmus		—	98.3	[97]
	Pseudomonas sp.		1	87.9	[98]
	Staphylococcus sp.		0.183	82.6	[85]
	Streptomyces sp.		0.286	32.5	[85]
	B. iodinium		100-1.8	87	[99]
Bacteria	Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (KCTC 5768) (immobilize on zeolite)	Cu	50	97.4	[76]
			100	98.2
			200	78.7
	Staphylococcus sp.		1.536	42	[85]
	Streptomyces sp.		1.129	18	[85]
	Enterobacter cloacae		100	20	[100]
	Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (immobilize on zeolite)		100	98.2	[76]
	Bacillus firmus		—	74.9	[97]
	Flavobacterium sp.		1.194	20.3	[85]
	Methylobacterium organophilum		—	21	[95]
	Arthrobacter strain D9		0.05	22	[101]
	Enterobacter cloaceae		100	65	[100]
	Micrococcus sp.		0.3	38.64±0.06	[96]
	Gemella sp.			50.99±0.01
	Micrococcus sp.		0.3	38.64±0.06	[96]
	Pseudomonas sp.		1	41	[98]
	Flavobacterium sp.		0.161	25	[85]
	A. faecalis (GP06)		100-19.2	70	[99]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CH07)		100-17.4	75
Bacteria	Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (immobilize on zeolite)	Ni	50	90.3	[85]
			100	90.1
			200	90.1
	Micrococcus sp.		50	55	[87]
	Pseudomonas sp.		1	53	[98]
	Acinetobacter sp. B9		51	68.94	[89]
Bacteria	Enterobacter cloacae	Co	100	8	[100]
Bacteria	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Hg	100	28.65	[102]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa		150	29.83
	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (PG02)		5	90	[100]
			10	80
	Bacillus licheniformis		0.1	73	[103]
	Vibrio fluvialis		0.25	60	[104]
Bacteria	Bacillus firmus	Zn	—	61.8	[97]
	Pseudomonas sp.		1	49.8	[98]
Consortium Organisms	Acinetobacter sp. & Arthrobacter sp.	Cr	16	78	[99]
	P. aeruginosa & B. subtilis (P+B)		570-2	99.6	[92]
	S. cerevisiae & B. subtilis (Y+B)		570-16	97.2
	S. cerevisiae & P. aeruginosa (Y+P)		570-4	99.3
Consortium Organisms	B. licheniformis & C. parapsilosis	Hg	0.1	85	[103]
	C. parapsilosis & T. rostrata			77
	B. licheniformis & T. rostrata			73
	B. licheniformis, C. parapsilosis & T. rostrata			88
Fungi	Aspergillus sp.	Cr	100	92	[87]
	Aspergillus versicolor		50	99.89	[105]
	Immobilized S. cerevisiae (Y bead)		570-0	100	[92]
	Gloeophyllum sepiarium		—	94	[106]
	Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Y)		570-25	95	[92]
	Aspergillus niger (FIST1)		—	64.7	[91]
	Mutant S. cerevisiae		—	98.7	[56]
	Sphaerotilus natans		200	60	[107]
	Saccharomyces cerevisiae		—	99	[108]
	Sphaerotilus natans		200	82	[107]
	Phanerochaete chrysosporium (immobilized on loofa sponge loofa sponge)		100	98	[109]
Fungi	Candida parapsilosis	Hg	0.1	80	[103]
Fungi	Aspergillus versicolor	Cu	50	29.06	[105]
	Aspergillus niger ( pretreated with Na2C03(0.2N))		20.82	41.7	[110]
	Sphaerotilus natans		200	58	[107]
	A. lentulus		100	99.7	[59]
	Aspergillus niger		—	50	[105]
Fungi	Aspergillus versicolor	Ni	50	30.05	[105]
	Aspergillus sp.		50	90
	Aspergillus niger (pretreated with Na2C0390.2N))		—	40.5	[110]
	Aspergillus niger		0.38	98	[111]
	Aspergillus niger		—	58	[105]
Algae	Spirogyra sp.	Cr	5	98.23	[112]
	Spirulina sp.		5	98.3	[112]
Algae	Chlorella vulgaris	Pb	50 mg dm-3	99.4	[113]
	Chlorella vulgaris		51.79	99.4	[114]
	Nostoc sp.		1	99.6	[98]
Algae	Chlorella vulgaris	Cu	50 mg dm-3	97.7	[113]
	Spirogyra sp.		5	89.6	[112]
	Spirulina sp.		5	81.2	[112]
Algae	Nostoc sp.	Cd	1	95.4	[98]
	Chlorella vulgaris		50 mg dm^−3	95.5	[113]
	Nostoc sp.	Zn	1	49.8	[98]
Algae	Chlorella vulgaris	Ni	0.6	41	[115]
	Nostoc sp.		1	88.23	[98]
Algae	Nostoc sp.	Fe	1	97.7	[98]
Microbial surfactants	P. aeruginosa ATCC9027(rhamnolipid)	Cd	22 µg/mg	92	[116]
Protzoa	Tetrahymena rostrata	Hg	0.1	40	[103]
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)	Aerated microbial sediment fuel cells (A-SMFCs)	Cr	—	80.7	[117]
		Cu		72.72
		Ni		80.37
	Non aerated microbial sediment fuel cells (NA-SMFCs)	Cr		67.36
		Cu		59.36
		Ni		52.74