Protective Effect of Phaleria macrocarpa Water Extract (Proliverenol) against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats: Role of TNF-α and TGF-β1

Figure 1

(a) Plasma ALT levels of normal control, CCl₄, CCl₄₊NAC150, CCl₄₊T50, CCl₄₊T100, and CCl₄₊T150 groups. Data represent the means ± SD (n=5). N: normal, CCl₄: carbon tetrachloride, NAC: N-acetylcysteine 150 mg/kg body weight/day, and T50, T100, and T150: Proliverenol 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight/day. A = p < 0.05 vs. N, B = p < 0.05 vs. CCl₄ (α=0.05). (b) Plasma AST levels of normal control, CCl₄, CCl₄₊NAC150, CCl₄₊T50, CCl₄₊T100, and CCl₄₊T150 groups. Data represent the means ± SD (n=5). N: normal, CCl₄: carbon tetrachloride, NAC: N-acetylcysteine 150 mg/kg body weight/day, and T50, T100, and T150: Proliverenol 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight/day. A = p < 0.05 vs. N, B = p < 0.05 vs. CCl₄ (α=0.05). (c) Plasma ALP levels of normal control, CCl₄, CCl₄₊NAC150, CCl₄₊T50, CCl₄₊T100, and CCl₄₊T150 groups. Data represent the means ± SD (n=5). N: normal, CCl₄: carbon tetrachloride, NAC: N-acetylcysteine 150 mg/kg body weight/day, and T50, T100, and T150: Proliverenol 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight/day. A = p < 0.05 vs. N, B = p < 0.05 vs. CCl₄ (α=0.05).

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