Assessment of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Hormones in Wastewater Treatment Plants Receiving Inflows from Health Facilities in North West Province, South Africa

Table 6

Overall concentrations of pharmaceuticals in influents and effluents (μg/L) in WWTP-A.

WWTP-A	Influent		Effluent
	Mean conc.	Min-Max conc.	Mean conc.	Min-Max conc.
Antibiotics
CIP	0.99 ± 0.80	0.12-2.00	0.51 ± 0.57	0.08-1.40
OFL	ND	ND	ND	ND
NOR	0.42 ± 0.62	0.10-1.53	0.12 ± 0.13	0.03-0.35
CAL	ND	ND	ND	ND
TCN	11.04 ± 19.22	1.09-45.38	0.95 ± 0.38	0.52-1.43
Beta-blockers
ATE	4.41 ± 2.76	1.08-8.34	1.19 ± 1.27	0.33-3.22
Disinfectants
TCS	ND	ND	ND	ND
TCC	0.76 ± 0.67	0.23-1.75	0.11 ± 0.19	0.01-0.46
Analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs
DIC	2.38 ± 4.46	0.12-10.34	0.3 ± 0.27	0.07-0.75
ACE	49.79 ± 40.43	21.27-119.50	6.1 ± 7.50	<LOQ-11.39
IBU	16.44 ± 23.23	0.33-53.40	5.25 ± 7.35	<LOQ-13.66
KET	0.39 ± 0.38	<LOQ-0.65	0.14 ± 0.08	<LOQ-0.24
Lipid modifying agents
BF	ND	ND	ND	ND
Hormones
E1	0.031 ± 0.02	0.013-0.053	0.023 ± 0.014	0.007-0.041
E3	0.463 ± 0.57	0.134-1.480	0.233 ± 0.157	0.111-0.539
β-E2	0.022 ± 0.02	0.008-0.035	0.014 ± 0.004	0.008-0.0191
EE2	5.601 ± 2.66	2.654-9.833	1.344 ± 1.827	0.448-4.608

ND: not detected.