Assessment of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Hormones in Wastewater Treatment Plants Receiving Inflows from Health Facilities in North West Province, South Africa

Table 7

Overall concentrations of pharmaceuticals in influents and effluents (μg/L) in WWTP-B.

WWTP-B	Influent		Effluent
	Mean conc.	Min-Max conc.	Mean conc.	Min-Max conc.
Antibiotics
CIP	2.2 ± 3.89	0.12-9.11	0.35 ± 0.52	0.06-1.28
OFL	ND	ND	ND	ND
NOR	0.26 ± 0.31	0.07-0.82	0.15 ± 0.19	0.02-0.44
CAL	ND	ND	ND	ND
TCN	19.11 ± 31.73	3.80-75.81	1.49 ± 1.12	0.48-3.22
Beta-blockers
ATE	1.19 ± 0.89	0.41-2.54	0.71 ± 0.82	0.15-2.15
Disinfectants
TCS	0.11 ± 0.19	0.00-0.40	0.09 ± 0.12	0.00-0.27
TCC	0.61 ± 0.38	0.06-0.97	0.04 ± 0.03	0.00-0.06
Analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs
DIC	0.99 ± 1.59	0.15-3.82	0.47 ± 0.63	0.10-1.58
ACE	24.07 ± 22.47	11.06-57.65	1.24 ± 1.19	<LOQ-2.09
IBU	14.39 ± 27.40	1.09-63.37	0.51 ± 0.61	0.02-1.46
KET	0.53 ±0.25	<LOQ-0.70	0.23 ± 0.32	<LOQ-0.61
Lipid modifying agents
BF	ND	ND	ND	ND
Hormones
E1	0.018 ± 0.014	0.004-0.040	0.004 ± 0.002	0-6
E3	0.257 ± 0.199	0.027-0.512	0.043 ± 0.024	0.01-0.065
Β-E2	0.0178 ± 0.020	0.001-0.047	<LOQ
EE2	0.923 ± 0.067	0.881-1.041	0.681 ± 0.130	0.524-0.884

ND: not detected.