The Pesticide Exposure of People Living in Agricultural Community, Northern Thailand

Table 5

Urinary biomarkers of synthetic pyrethroid (3-phenoxybenzoic acid: 3-PBA) and glyphosate exposure, by study group.

Groups of subjects			3-PBA	Glyphosate
Nonfarm worker		Detection (%)	36.8	-
		Mean ±SD (ng/ml)	20.3±12.	<LOD
		GM (ng/ml)	16.7	<LOD
Grower groups	Rice	Detection (%)	44.7	10.5
		Mean ±SD (ng/ml)	40.9±45.	2.01±0.81
		GM (ng/ml)	27.52	1.89
	Longan	Detection (%)	30	30
		Mean ±SD (ng/ml)	43.8±42.	2.88±1.46
		GM, (ng/ml)	29.8	2.55
	Vegetable	Detection (%)	11.8	23.5
		Mean ±SD (ng/ml)	4.03±3.2	3.11±1.15
		GM, (ng/ml)	3.29	2.92

Values followed by the same letters (a, b, c, and d) in the same column are significantly different at p<0.05 by ANOVA after a log-normal transformation, GM: geometric mean, LOD: limit of detection.