A Review of Metal Exposure and Its Effects on Bone Health

Table 1

Element	Levels	References
Cadmium	< 1μg/L in urine	[42]
Zinc	no records	none
Copper	70-140 μg/dL in plasma	[43]
Nickel	1-3 μg/L in urine; 0.2 μg/L in plasma	[44]
Mercury	< 7μg/L in urine; < 5μg/L in blood	[42]
Chromium	<0.2 μg/L in urine; 0.7-28 μg/L in blood; 0.1-0.2 μg/L in plasma	[43]
Lead	100 μg/L in blood; Not detectable in urine	[45]
Aluminum	1-3 μg/L in plasma	[46]
Titanium	no records	none
Iron	no records	none
Arsenic	1 μg/L in blood	[47]