An Evaluation of the Genotoxicity and Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Synthetic Curcumin

Table 10

Summary of significant clinical chemistry results for the 90-day study on curcumin.

Group		Glu	T Prot	Alb	Glob	A/G R	Tg	TC	AST	ALT	ALP	Tbil	BUN	Crea	Na	K	Cl	Ca	P
n=20; mg/kg; bw/day		(mg/dL)	(g/dL)	(g/dL)	(g/dL)	-	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(U/L)	U/L)	(U/L)	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(mmol/L)	(mmol/L)	(mmol/L)	(mmol/L)	(mg/dL)
	Males
Vehicle	Mean	99.45	6.22	3.38	2.83	1.20	79.70	69.60	89.20	41.40	91.90	0.20	15.95	0.43	150.10	4.61	110.25	10.46	6.00
0	SD	12.82	0.20	0.16	0.15	0.09	29.79	11.54	8.28	7.11	13.53	0.04	2.33	0.04	1.65	0.22	1.62	0.28	0.55
250	Mean	89.45	6.14	3.39	2.74	1.24	60.35	55.75-	101.50+	44.50	85.05	0.17	17.00	0.44	151.75+	4.64	110.15	10.46	6.20
	SD	20.84	0.25	0.21	0.14	0.10	12.25	12.84	15.04	10.76	11.81	0.04	2.70	0.05	1.68	0.46	1.39	0.31	0.54
500	Mean	86.90-	6.25	3.47	2.78	1.25	80.35	62.30	87.80	42.85	89.55	0.20	17.85+	0.43	150.75	4.39-	109.90	10.72+	6.27
	SD	12.60	0.21	0.21	0.12	0.11	41.86	15.51	11.37	8.99	16.13	0.04	1.70	0.05	1.33	0.22	1.71	0.27	0.61
1000	Mean	87.85-	6.14	3.41	2.73-	1.25	77.60	72.60	98.45	43.45	92.05	0.21	16.11	0.41	149.90	4.44-	110.60↑↑	10.39	6.57+↑↑
	SD	11.82	0.16	0.12	0.11	0.07	23.79	11.57	17.61	9.83	15.97	0.05	2.17	0.03	1.45	0.21	1.50	0.25	0.48
Ref Item	Mean	97.40	6.25	3.47	2.78	1.25	74.85	74.45	91.50	43.25	97.50	0.20	15.46	0.43	149.00	4.53	109.20	10.49	5.96
1000	SD	27.52	0.20	0.15	0.12	0.08	26.62	16.22	13.65	8.34	15.57	0.05	1.74	0.06	1.72	0.28	1.67	0.20	0.43
Historical Ranges		65–115	5.84–6.71	2.92–3.57	2.76–3.40	0.91–1.23	43–125	56–92	91–217	33–131	68–170	0.50–0.89	12.60–25.10	0.40–0.79	140–149	3.80–5.50	100–132	9.60–10.54	5.29–7.65
	Females
Vehicle	Mean	74.50	6.62	3.99	2.63	1.52	68.85	67.50	119.40	31.80	48.55	0.24	20.13	0.46	149.10	4.15	107.55	10.72	5.04
0	SD	12.03	0.27	0.30	0.13	0.16	21.97	13.99	20.74	4.44	11.07	0.05	3.27	0.05	1.45	0.27	1.85	0.24	0.58
250	Mean	84.10+	6.56	3.94	2.62	1.51	51.20-	51.15-	86.65-	34.95	42.75	0.22	22.02	0.45	150.05+	4.14	110.00+	10.89	5.06
	SD	9.59	0.25	0.31	0.13	0.17	13.00	13.47	13.35	8.08	7.76	0.06	3.65	0.04	1.47	0.27	1.03	0.23	0.47
500	Mean	85.05+	6.42	3.78	2.64	1.43	41.30-	54.30-	81.80-	30.45	43.40	0.21	22.00	0.47	151.60+	4.09	112.40+	10.91	5.09
	SD	12.05	0.33	0.31	0.09	0.12	9.69	15.65	15.42	3.46	8.93	0.04	3.59	0.05	1.57	0.27	2.23	0.33	0.48
1000	Mean	73.45	6.53	3.87	2.65	1.47	48.90-	66.75	102.30-	34.55	47.55	0.24	20.31	0.45	147.80-↑↑	4.27	107.85↑	10.76	5.52
	SD	9.69	0.30	0.33	0.15	0.18	9.16	14.14	43.00	13.44	14.41	0.06	2.62	0.07	1.51	0.36	2.32	0.32	1.41
Ref Item	Mean	78.65	6.71	4.11	2.60	1.59	53.90-	62.85	96.40-	33.50	43.80	0.23	22.41	0.46	145.65-	4.37	105.90-	10.78	5.49
1000	SD	12.54	0.30	0.43	0.15	0.27	15.00	18.87	29.69	12.54	7.51	0.05	2.53	0.07	2.62	1.14	2.53	0.31	0.85
Historical Ranges		60–99	5.45–7.28	2.85–4.03	2.77–3.38	0.90–1.42	30–80	45–86	68–177	19–50	23–68	0.55–0.81	14.50–26.80	0.40–0.85	142–149	3.20–4.80	100–132	9.90–11.54	4.61–8.00

N= number of animals, = statistically significant increase/decrease as compared to vehicle control (p<0.05), = statistically significant increase/decrease as compared to vehicle control (p<0.01), ↑= statistically significant increase/decrease as compared to the reference item group (p<0.05), and ↑↑= statistically significant increase/decrease as compared to the reference item group (p<0.01)
A/G R, albumin/globulin ratio; Alb, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ca, calcium; Cl, chloride; Crea, creatinine; Glob, globulin; Glu, glucose, K, potassium; P, phosphorus; Na, sodium; Tbil, total bilirubin; TC, total cholesterol; Tg, triglycerides; and T Prot, total protein.