Mutagenicity and Acute Oral Toxicity Test for Herbal Poultry Feed Supplements

Table 4

FEED-X, mutagenicity test results.

Strain	S9	Untreated control	Vehicle control   (DMSO)	FEED-X					Positive control
				78.1 μg/ml	156.2 μg/ml	312.5 μg/ml	625 μg/ml	1250 μg/ml
S. typhimurium
TA 98		0.67 ± 1.15	0.33 ± 0.58	2.00 ± 2.00	0.67 ± 1.15	1.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	2.33 ± 0.58	48.00 ± 0.00
		1.67 ± 1.15	1.33 ± 0.58	0.33 ± 0.58	1.67 ± 2.08	3.67 ± 1.53	1.33 ± 1.53	4.00 ± 1.00	34.67 ± 3.21
TA 100		1.67 ± 1.53	0.67 ± 0.58	0.67 ± 0.58	1.33 ± 0.58	1.67 ± 2.08	1.67 ± 1.15	2.33 ± 2.31	43.00 ± 2.00
		3.33 ± 2.08	7.33 ± 1.53	3.67 ± 1.53	6.33 ± 1.15	3.67 ± 2.08	3.33 ± 0.58	3.67 ± 1.53	48.00 ± 0.00
TA 1535		1.00 ± 0.00	0.67 ± 0.58	0.33 ± 0.58	1.00 ± 1.00	1.33 ± 0.58	0.67 ± 1.15	0.33 ± 0.58	48.00 ± 0.00
		0.00 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.00	0.67 ± 1.15	1.67 ± 1.53	1.33 ± 0.58	0.67 ± 1.15	0.00 ± 0.00	42.67 ± 1.15
TA 1537		0.00 ± 0.00	0.33 ± 0.58	0.00 ± 0.00	0.33 ± 0.58	1.67 ± 2.89	0.67 ± 0.58	1.00 ± 1.00	40.33 ± 1.53
		1.00 ± 1.00	1.00 ± 1.00	0.67 ± 0.58	0.67 ± 0.58	0.33 ± 0.58	0.67 ± 0.58	1.33 ± 1.53	42.00 ± 2.65
E. coli
WP2 uvrA		0.33 ± 0.58	0.33 ± 0.58	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.33± 0.58	1.00 ± 1.00	0.67 ± 0.58	33.33 ± 3.21
		0.67 ± 0.58	1.33 ± 1.53	1.33 ± 1.53	1.33 ± 0.58	1.00 ± 1.73	0.33 ± 0.58	1.00 ± 0.00	39.00 ± 2.65

Revertant colonies (mean ± SD). Statistically significant (); positive controls. With S9: 2-aminoanthracene (i) 5 μg/ml, TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537; (ii) 50 μg/ml, E. coli WP2 uvrA; without S9: 2-nitrofluorene—2 μg/ml, TA 98; 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide—0.1 μg/ml, TA 100; N⁴-aminocytidine—100 μg/ml, TA 1535; 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetra hydro acridine hydrochloride—15 μg/ml, TA 1537; 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide—1.0 μg/ml, E. coli WP2 uvrA.