Journal of Toxicology

Research Article

A Toxicological Evaluation of Methylliberine (Dynamine®)

Table 7

Results of the clinical chemistry evaluation in the 90-day study.


Group (mg/kg bw/day)		ALT	AST	ALP	TBIL	CREA	UREA	GLUC	CHOL	Pi	Ca⁺⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl⁻	ALB	TPROT	A/G
Group (mg/kg bw/day)		[U/L]	[U/L]	[U/L]	[µmol/L]	[µmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[mmol/L]	[g/L]	[g/L]	A/G

Main study groups (^†)
Male
0 (Control)	Mean	40.9	95.3	87.7	1.07	29.7	7.52	6.09	2.39	1.91	2.60	144.53	4.37	100.32	44.20	63.99	2.25
	SD	5.5	15.1	12.8	0.32	3.2	0.82	0.43	0.23	0.16	0.07	1.30	0.21	0.81	1.06	1.79	0.12
75	Mean	50.5	78.9	74.6	1.12	25.7	7.90	5.77	2.87	2.05	2.63	143.78	4.61	98.77	45.02	64.86	2.28
	SD	15.8	8.3	16.7	0.29	3.4	0.93	0.55	0.29	0.17	0.06	0.58	0.33	1.41	1.38	2.86	0.19
	SS
112	Mean	40.9	87.7	69.3	1.11	29.8	7.94	5.48	3.27	2.14	2.66	143.80	4.58	97.83	45.05	65.78	2.20
	SD	3.8	15.2	10.0	0.31	4.6	1.00	0.65	0.35	0.19	0.09	2.29	0.23	2.74	1.36	2.18	0.26
	SS
150	Mean	47.5	89.9	68.5	0.95	30.0	7.24	5.68	3.67	2.27	2.71	144.10	4.35	97.70	44.81	64.05	2.36
	SD	9.3	7.4	13.1	0.21	3.3	0.99	0.82	0.39	0.06	0.09	0.84	0.20	0.96	2.19	3.12	0.27
	SS
187	Mean	52.9	83.9	63.9	1.22	27.6	8.06	6.01	3.63	1.99	2.62	142.86	4.32	97.28	45.89	64.42	2.47
	SD	9.5	9.5	17.5	0.47	2.7	1.53	0.90	0.63	0.29	0.09	1.42	0.12	1.94	0.83	1.62	0.21
	SS
225	Mean	58.3	85.3	57.9	1.06	29.6	7.00	5.29	4.12	2.12	2.63	141.53	3.96	95.90	45.97	65.33	2.38
	SD	10.0	10.0	15.6	0.23	3.1	0.58	0.64	0.38	0.15	0.09	1.69	0.22	1.55	1.63	2.91	0.22
	SS
Test for significance		DN	DN	DN	NS	DN	NS	DN	DN		DN		DN		DN	NS	DN
Historical control range		26.0–70.0	65.0–131.0	62.0–209.0	0.4–2.5	20.0–35.0	3.3–8.9	4.7–9.2	1.4–3.1	1.5–2.3	2.4–2.9	141.2–148.4	4.1–5.2	96.8–103.2	40.1–47.3	59.9–70.1	1.5–2.6
Female
0 (Control)	Mean	48.7	99.7	41.5	1.84	29.0	6.51	5.29	2.20	1.83	2.67	143.59	4.24	101.08	49.61	66.44	3.00
	SD	12.5	21.0	9.5	0.81	2.7	0.68	0.63	0.25	0.12	0.09	1.07	0.21	1.60	3.17	4.73	0.44
75	Mean	52.0	101.6	50.9	0.92	27.4	7.04	6.31	3.03	1.93	2.67	142.25	4.41	99.30	48.07	66.40	2.63
	SD	9.0	20.2	29.6	0.34	3.1	0.74	0.97	0.93	0.35	0.09	2.08	0.39	1.75	3.82	5.40	0.27
	SS
112	Mean	46.0	84.6	37.8	1.15	26.1	6.79	6.15	3.53	1.94	2.68	141.86	4.16	97.77	48.40	67.56	2.53
	SD	10.8	22.8	14.0	0.40	3.1	0.94	1.08	0.59	0.36	0.10	1.21	0.31	1.28	2.99	4.82	0.21
	SS
150	Mean	50.0	84.2	53.5	1.03	24.4	7.09	6.70	3.02	2.09	2.76	141.47	4.41	96.13	48.75	66.46	2.75
	SD	12.2	16.7	18.9	0.44	3.6	0.72	0.59	0.65	0.17	0.09	1.17	0.30	1.57	2.34	3.56	0.23
	SS
187	Mean	56.3	80.3	39.6	1.23	25.9	7.12	6.39	3.55	2.33	2.76	140.38	4.48	95.94	46.89	64.21	2.77
(^{^†})	SD	7.3	6.2	7.8	0.40	3.1	1.59	0.62	1.02	0.19	0.10	1.03	0.19	2.09	2.89	4.49	0.38
	SS
225	Mean	50.2	76.6	36.4	1.24	25.0	6.73	6.18	3.45	2.29	2.77	140.89	4.42	95.69	48.25	65.56	2.79
	SD	13.4	8.9	10.3	0.37	3.0	1.25	0.51	0.83	0.14	0.09	0.75	0.26	1.58	1.65	2.37	0.20
	SS
Test for significance		NS		NS	DN	DN	NS	DN			DN	DN	NS	DN	NS	NS	DN
Historical control range		28.0–133.0	66.0–249.0	22.0–162.0	0.5–3.6	24.0–40.0	3.8–9.5	4.0–7.3	1.1–2.8	0.8–2.1	2.4–2.9	140.9–146.5	3.1–4.6	97.6–105.0	43.8–57.6	56.5–78.9	1.7–3.7
Recovery groups
Male
0 (Control)	Mean	46.80	96.60	83.60	1.66	28.60	7.60	6.09	2.20	2.11	2.67	144.66	4.63	100.30	42.96	62.88	2.18
	SD	6.38	22.70	17.29	0.40	3.36	1.30	1.00	0.15	0.09	0.04	1.41	0.21	1.36	0.97	2.00	0.28
225	Mean	40.20	72.60	71.60	1.46	27.60	6.64	5.36	2.45	2.23	2.68	143.64	4.68	99.22	43.16	62.54	2.24
	SD	2.39	8.26	11.01	0.29	1.14	0.31	0.25	0.36	0.11	0.02	0.34	0.11	0.57	1.37	0.90	0.23
Test for significance		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Female
0 (Control)	Mean	48.80	95.20	37.80	1.84	36.80	6.76	5.64	1.94	1.39	2.59	141.36	4.04	99.44	48.56	66.56	2.72
	SD	9.63	13.08	13.77	0.43	5.76	1.09	0.37	0.38	0.21	0.05	1.05	0.29	0.76	2.25	3.77	0.28
225	Mean	37.80	77.80	36.40	1.88	30.40	6.72	5.43	2.48	1.39	2.65	142.02	4.23	99.58	48.86	67.90	2.64
	SD	4.60	24.24	22.86	0.84	2.97	1.05	0.82	0.64	0.46	0.08	0.98	0.19	1.91	3.16	4.10	0.45
Test for significance		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Abbreviations: A/G, albumin to globulin ratio; ALB, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BAC, bile acids; Ca++, calcium; CHOL, cholesterol; Cl−, chloride; CREA, creatinine; DN, Duncan’s multiple range test; GLUC, glucose; K+, potassium; Na+, sodium; NS, Not Significant; Pi, inorganic phosphorous; SD, standard deviation; SS, statistically significant compared to control; TBIL, total bilirubin; TPROT, total protein; , Mann-Whitney -test versus control. ^†Main group females at 187 mg/kg bw/day (; one animal died at collection due to over anesthesia). , .