|
| Enzymes | Mutants | Kcat | Km | Kcat/Km | Activity compared to WT | References |
|
| PON1 3SRE, 1V04 | His115Trp 4HHO | 7.3 ± 0.2 s−1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 mM | 4700 ± 246 M−1s−1 | Increase in organophosphatase activity (paraoxonase activity) | [127] |
|
| PON1 | 3B3 (Asn41Asp, Ser110Pro, Leu2240Ser, His243Arg, Phe264Leu, Asn324Asp, Thr332Ala) | Not detectable (P(−)-CMP coumarin) | Not detectable (P(−)-CMP-coumarin) | <0.0002(1) μM−1 (P(−)-CMP-coumarin) | Approx. 250-fold increase in catalytic efficiency | [128–130] |
|
| PON1 | 3D8 (Leu69Gly, His115Trp, His134Arg, Met196Val, Phe222Ser, Thr332Ser) | 546 ± 29 min−1 (P(−)-CMP-coumarin) | 36.7 ± 7 μM (P(−)-CMP-coumarin) | 12.7 ± 2 (>63,000) μ−1min−1 (P (−)-CMP-coumarin) | A similar rate of hydrolysis for P (+) and P(−) isomers | [130] |
|
| PTE | GWT-f5 (His254Gly/His257Trp/Leu303Thr/Met317Leu/Ile106Cys/Phe132Ile/Leu271Ile/Lys185Arg/Ile274Asn/Ala80Val/Arg67His) 3URB | 1.2 × 102 s−1 (analogues of cyclosarin P(−)) | — | 3.2 × 105 M−1s−1 (analogues of cyclosarin P(−)) | Best mutant for hydrolysis of cyclosarin analogues | [75] |
|
| PTE | L7eP-3a-I106G (His245Gln/His257Phe/Ile106Cys/Phe132Val/Ser308Leu/His257Tyr/Ala270Val/Leu272Met/Ile274Asn/Ile106Gly) 4ZSU | 58 s−1 (P(+)-APVR), 166 s−1 (P(−)-APVR), 545 s−1 (paraoxon) not detectable (DEVX) | 0.71 mM (P (+)-APVR), 0.31 mM (P(−)-APVR), 33 μM (paraoxon) not detectable (DEVX) | 8.2 × 10⁴ M−1s−1 (P (+)-APVR), 5.3 × 105 M−1s−1 (P(−)-APVR), 1.67 × 107 M−1s−1 (paraoxon), 7.7 × 103 M−1s−1 (DEVX) | 620-fold increase in catalytic activity for P (−)-VR type agents | [131] |
|
| PTE | His254Gly/His257Trp/Leu303Thr | — | — | — | Increased in turnover no. by 3 orders for a toxic isomer of soman | [132] |
|
| DFPase | Ser271Ala | — | — | — | 30% increase in enzymatic activity for DFP | [133] |
|
| DFPase 1PJX | His287Phe, | 14 s−1 | 0.03 ± 0.005 mM | — | Increase in activity for DFP | [134] |
|
| PTE-like lactonase 3FDK | Try28Leu/Asp71Asn/Tyr97Phe/Glu101Gly/Glu179Asp/V235Leu/Pro274Leu 4J35 | 6.8 × 104 s−1 | — | 3.6 × 105 M−1s−1 | Enhanced activity with methyl phosphonates | [76] |
|
| OPH 1DPM | His254Arg, His257Leu | 640 s−1 (paraoxon), 50 s−1 (demeton-S) | 0.07 ± 0.01 mM (paraoxon), 6.2 ± 1.4 mM (demeton-S) | 9.14 × 106 M−1s−1 (paraoxon), 8.06 × 10³ M−1s−1 (demeton-S) | Increased catalytic activity for VX and VR | [135] |
|
| OPH 1DPM | His254Arg 1QW7 | 750 s−1 (paraoxon) | 0.012 mM (paraoxon) | 6.25 × 107 M−1s−1 (paraoxon) | 11.3-fold increase in activity | [136] |
|
| OPH | 22A11 (Ala14Thr, Ala80Val,Lys185Arg, H257Y, Ile274Asn) | 39600 ± 2100 s·s−1 (methyl parathion) | 0.62 ± 0.02 mM (methyl parathion) | 6.4 × 107 M−1s−1 (methyl parathion) | 25-fold increase activity for methyl parathion | [137] |
|
| OPH | Leu27Ile/Try309Ala | 0.15 s−1 | 5.87 mM | 24.9 M·s−1 | 150-fold increase activity for VXa | [138] |
|
| Prolidase | Tyr301Cys/Lys342Asn | 2861 s−1 | 2.92 ± 0.40 mM | 980 mM−1s−1 | Thermostable and increase activity for soman | [139] |
|
| OPAA | FL (Try212Phe/Val342Leu) | 6.9 × 104 ± 3 × 103 min−1 (GP), 6.6 × 104 ± 3.4 × 103 min−1 (soman), 4.52 × 104 ± 4.62 × 103 min−1 (sarin) | 534.924 ± 67.8 μM (GP), 883.16 ± 156.4 μM (soman), 5.31 × 103 ± 1 × 103 μM (sarin) | 1.29 × 108 ± 2.21 × 107 M−1min−1 (GP), 7.48 × 107 ± 1.71 × 107 M−1min−1 (soman), 8.50 × 106 ± 2.49 × 106 M−1min−1 (sarin) | Increase in catalysis compared to wild type and preference to R (+) enantiomer of sarin | [140] |
|
