Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations
Table 1
Spatial variations of physicochemical parameters of wastewater collected from treated textile effluent discharge canal during the rainy season.
Parameter
Site A
Site B
Site C
Site D
pH
8.50 ± 0.06a
7.79 ± 0.12a
7.80 ± 0.02a
6.90 ± 0.01b
Temperature (°C)
31.1 ± 0.3a
29.4 ± 0.1b
29.4 ± 0.1b
28.5 ± 0.1b
Conductivity (μS/cm)
9263.3 ± 64.4a
925 ± 175b
916 ± 119b
414.00 ± 5.01c
TDS (mg/L)
5061.1 ± 32.6a
456.4 ± 88.8b
450 ± 59.7b
199.54 ± 2.31c
DO (mg/L)
2.33 ± 0.28a
2.82 ± 0.23a
2.64 ± 0.14a
5.73 ± 0.22b
Salinity (‰)
4.49 ± 0.03a
0.45 ± 0.09b
0.44 ± 0.06b
0.20 ± 0.00c
BOD5 (mg/L)
30 ± 1.2a
10 ± 0.6b
9 ± 0.2b
4 ± 0.1c
COD (mg/L)
503 ± 15a
60 ± 3b
62 ± 12b
35 ± 10b
Ammoniacal-N (mg/l)
3.1 ± 0.2a
2.3 ± 0.1b
2.2 ± 0.0b
2.1 ± 0.1b
Zn
46.5 ± 6.2a
38.6 ± 5.3b
29.6 ± 4.2b
7.5 ± 3.1c
Cu
11 ± 2.1a
8.9 ± 3.1b
7.5 ± 2.1b
2.2 ± 0.8c
Colour intensities (m−1)
436 nm
11.0 ± 0.1a
4.2 ± 0.1b
4.1 ± 0.4b
3.1 ± 0.2c
525 nm
5.5 ± 0.3a
3.2 ± 0.0b
3.0 ± 0.1b
2.4 ± 0.1c
620 nm
3.8 ± 0.4a
2.1 ± 0.0b
1.8 ± 0.1b
1.7 ± 0.1b
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results indicated by different superscript letters in each row are significantly different from each other (n = 8, ANOVA, Tukey’s test, ). Site A: effluent discharge point, site B: 100 m downstream from site A, site C: 200 m downstream from site A, and site D: 100 m upstream from site A.