Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations
Table 2
Spatial variations of physicochemical parameters of wastewater collected from treated textile effluent discharge canal during the dry season.
Parameter
Site A
Site B
Site C
Site D
pH
9.06 ± 0.02a
6.96 ± 0.1b
6.82 ± 0.07b
6.74 ± 0.02b
Temperature (°C)
33.1 ± 0.3a
31.1 ± 0.2b
31.1 ± 0.1b
29.7 ± 0.4b
Conductivity (μS/cm)
9503 ± 100a
4457.8 ± 60b
4432.2 ± 45.3b
436.67 ± 5.53c
TDS (mg/L)
5191.10 ± 62.1a
2345.6 ± 30.9b
2554.4 ± 98.5b
207.58 ± 3.89c
DO (mg/L)
2.30 ± 0.21a
2.47 ± 0.17a
2.59 ± 0.15a
5.65 ± 0.09b
Salinity (‰)
4.59 ± 0.04a
2.16 ± 0.03b
2.15 ± 0.02b
0.21 ± 0.00c
BOD5 (mg/L)
36 ± 0.9a
12 ± 0.3b
10 ± 0.2b
6 ± 0.3c
COD (mg/L)
673 ± 37a
269 ± 6b
255 ± 6b
176 ± 16c
Ammoniacal-N (mg/l)
3.2 ± 0.1a
2.9 ± 0.0ab
2.3 ± 0.0b
2.4 ± 0.0b
Zn
42.5 ± 3.5a
39.6 ± 6.2a
26.6 ± 3.6b
8.5 ± 2.1c
Cu
10.9 ± 1.1a
8.7 ± 1.2b
8.5 ± 3.1b
2.6 ± 0.5c
Colour intensities (m−1)
436 nm
16.2 ± 0.1a
11.4 ± 0.4b
9.5 ± 0.1c
8.9 ± 0.1c
525 nm
8.6 ± 0.1a
5.8 ± 0.3b
4.5 ± 0.1c
4.4 ± 0.1c
620 nm
4.5 ± 0.1a
2.7 ± 0.2b
2.3 ± 0.0b
1.9 ± 0.1c
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results indicated by different superscript letters in each row are significantly different from each other (n = 8, ANOVA, Tukey’s test, ). Site A: effluent discharge point; site B: 100 m downstream from site A, site C: 200 m downstream from site A, and site D: 100 m upstream from site A.