Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations

Table 6

Chromosomal abnormalities in root meristematic cells exposed to composite wastewater samples collected from different sites and aged tap water in the rainy season.

Site	Chromosomal abnormality (%)
	C-metaphase	Chromosomal adherence	Bridges	Disturbed anaphase	Vagrant	Chromosomal breaks
Site A	50.0 ± 8.4^a	66.7 ± 5.6^a	33.3 ± 5.5^a	28.0 ± 5.1^a	100.0 ± 17.6^a	0.0 ± 0.0
Site B	50.0 ± 5.5^a	91.7 ± 11.8^a	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0^b	66.7 ± 7.8^b	0.0 ± 0.0
Site C	33.3 ± 4.8^a	78.0 ± 9.9^a	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0^b	113.8 ± 16^a	0.0 ± 0.0
Site D	0.0 ± 0.0^c	33.3 ± 4.9^b	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0
Aged tap water	18.2 ± 2.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^c	18.2 ± 1.9^b	29.9 ± 3.8^a	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Means values indicated by different superscript letters at each column are significantly different from each other (ANOVA, Tukey’s test, ). Site A: discharge point, site B: 100 m downstream point, site C: 200 m downstream point, and site D: 100 m upstream point.