Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations

Table 7

Chromosomal abnormalities in root meristematic cells exposed to composite wastewater samples collected from different sites and aged tap water during the dry season.

Site	Chromosomal abnormality (%)
	C-metaphase	Chromosomal adherence	Bridges	Disturbed anaphase	Vagrant	Chromosomal breaks
Site A	53.6 ± 7.7^a	75.0 ± 8.0^a	73.7 ± 8.9^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b	91.9 ± 9.0^a	25 ± 2.3^a
Site B	22.2 ± 3.3^b	62.2 ± 8.0^a	48.7 ± 6.5^a	38.9 ± 5.0^a	95.2 ± 11.1^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
Site C	18.2 ± 1.82^b	0.0 ± 0.0^c	28.6 ± 4.8^b	35.0 ± 4.8^a	85.2 ± 9.5^a	22.2 ± 3.2^a
Site D	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0^c	0.0 ± 0.0^b	79.5 ± 9.0^a	16.7 ± 2.4^a
Aged tap water	0.0 ± 0.0^c	20.0 ± 3.2^b	0.0 ± 0.0^c	34.6 ± 2.8^a	28.6 ± 4.5^b	0.0 ± 0.0^b

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Means values indicated by different superscript letters at each column are significantly different from each other (ANOVA, Tukey’s test, ). Site A: discharge point, site B: 100 m downstream point, site C: 200 m downstream point, and site D: 100 m upstream point.