Nanonaringenin and Vitamin E Ameliorate Some Behavioral, Biochemical, and Brain Tissue Alterations Induced by Nicotine in Rats

Figure 3

A photomicrograph of brain tissue in adult male albino rats showing the groups. (a) Control group, the brain tissue was covered by well-demarcated normal fine fibrous meninges (arrow). The brain tissue appeared normal in constituent with normal nerve cells and glial tissue. The meningeal and cerebral blood vessels appeared normal. (b) N group, the brain tissue covered with meninges suffered from thickening, congestion of meningeal blood vessels (C), and submeningeal edema (E). Both nerve cells and glial tissue showed degenerative changes. (c) NNG group, the brain tissue, and the meningeal layers (arrow) appeared normal. (d) N + E group, the brain tissue, and meninges (arrow) appeared normal. The cortical blood vessels suffered from congestion (arrow head). (e) N + NNG group, the brain tissue covered with normal meninges (arrow). The nerve cells and glial tissue appeared normal. (f) N + NNG + E group, the meningeal layers (arrow), and the brain tissue appeared normal. H&E stain X 100.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)