Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Flavonoid Rich Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard®) in Sprague Dawley Rats

Table 6

Effect of GutGard on biochemistry parameters of female rats during 90 D oral toxicity study.

Parameter	Dose (mg/kg)
	0	0 (Rev)^$	250	500	1000	1000 (Rev)^$
TP (g/dL)	7.26 ± 0.55	7.33 ± 0.30	6.74 ± 0.44	6.58 ± 0.63	7.37 ± 0.60	7.29 ± 0.77
BUN (mg/dL)	18.50 ± 2.07	13.80 ± 1.10	17.60 ± 2.95	19.20 ± 2.94	18.80 ± 4.47	14.80 ± 1.30
Urea (mg/dL)	40.33 ± 4.51	30.08 ± 2.39	38.37 ± 6.43	41.86 ± 6.40	40.98 ± 9.74	32.26 ± 2.84
ALT (U/L)	51.00 ± 10.61	38.00 ± 1.58	48.90 ± 7.40	51.80 ± 4.78	62.90 ± 25.51	35.60 ± 3.71
AST (U/L)	104.00 ± 11.55	82.80 ± 4.87	89.70 ± 15.92	93.50 ± 11.93	100.50 ± 21.59	78.80 ± 5.93
ALP (U/L)	88.10 ± 19.50	58.20 ± 6.76	86.10 ± 9.23	91.60 ± 23.63	110.80 ± 32.70	63.60 ± 9.86
Glucose (mg/dL)	74.00 ± 14.93	68.80 ± 15.16	67.50 ± 16.72	77.60 ± 9.58	88.90 ± 20.08	86.40 ± 18.24
Calcium (mmol/L)	3.52 ± 0.12	3.79 ± 0.08	3.44 ± 0.40	3.08 ± 0.30	3.53 ± 0.11	3.75 ± 0.06
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	7.23 ± 1.06	4.54 ± 0.62	5.68 ± 0.74	6.13 ± 0.63	5.80 ± 1.00	4.22 ± 0.36
GGTP (U/L)	7.38 ± 2.74	9.68 ± 2.28	8.63± 2.77	6.30 ± 1.90	8.91 ± 2.34	7.91 ± 2.28
TB (mg/dL)	0.48 ± 0.12	0.31 ± 0.06	0.41 ± 0.10	0.49 ± 0.21	0.47 ± 0.10	0.37 ± 0.05
Albumin (g/dL)	2.26 ± 0.21	2.27 ± 0.11	2.20 ± 0.28	1.99 ± 0.22	2.34 ± 0.24	2.31 ± 0.22
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.18 ± 0.25	0.96 ± 0.06	0.88 ± 0.16	1.31 ± 0.41	1.39 ± 0.34	1.04 ± 0.16
Sodium (mmol/L)	150.04 ± 1.59	146.31 ± 0.73	151.28 ± 2.96	148.74 ± 2.36	148.49 ± 1.10	145.04 ± 1.46
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.24 ± 0.25	3.91 ± 0.08	3.92 ± 0.58	4.33 ± 0.47	4.16 ± 0.22	4.22 ± 0.44
Chloride (mmol/L)	97.10 ± 1.56	97.92 ± 2.55	93.22 ± 6.37	98.37 ± 2.14	95.79 ± 2.82	94.91 ± 2.96
TC (mg/dL)	39.44 ± 6.68	41.99 ± 2.94	32.87 ± 6.66	39.61 ± 18.86	42.20 ± 6.03	43.54 ± 5.01
TGL (mg/dL)	53.90 ± 7.89	61.40 ± 22.03	50.10 ± 10.27	48.60 ± 8.76	56.70 ± 13.90	56.80 ± 16.41

Mean ± SD (n = 10); ^$n = 5. TP: total protein; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Cal: calcium; P: phosphorus; TB: total bilirubin; GGTP: gamma glutamyl transferase; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; Rev.: reversal.  = significant at 95% level of confidence ;  = significant at 99% level of confidence .