A Single Dose of Oral BCG Moreau Fails to Boost Systemic IFN-𝛾 Responses to Tuberculin in Children in the Rural Tropics: Evidence for a Barrier to Mucosal Immunization

Figure 2

Frequencies of PPD-stimulated PBMCs expressing IFN-𝛾 before and after vaccination with oral BCG Moreau. Frequencies were measured by ELISPOT. Graphs are (a) frequencies of PBMCs before (pre-) and after (post-)vaccination in active infection (clear), short-term anthelmintic treatment (grey), and long-term anthelmintic treatment (hatched) study groups; (b) percent changes in frequencies postvaccination compared to prevaccination. 100% shows no change. Shown are box plots with median (central line), interquartile range (box margins), 95% confidence intervals (bars), and outlying values (circles).