Contact Investigation of Children Exposed to Tuberculosis in South East Asia: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Characteristic of the studies.

Author	Country	Year of study	Epidemiology features	Characteristics of index case	Characteristics of contact	Criteria of TST (+)	TB disease diagnosis	Method of sputum collection
Andrews et al. [18]	India	1960s	NA	SS (+)	Adults and children	At 48–72 hrs, not specified	Clinical, CXR, and/or microbiology	Laryngeal swab
Narain et al. [16]	India	1960/1961	NA	SS (+) or; CXR (+)	Adults and children	Not explained	NA	No detail information; for children
Kumar et al. [17]	India	1982/1983	NA	SS (+)	Adults and children	Not performed	Clinical, CXR, and/or microbiology	Spot collection
Singh et al. [15]	India	NA	NA	SS (+) and; SS (−) but CXR (+)	<5 yo	10 mm at 72 hrs	Clinical and CXR	Gastric lavage
Rathi et al. [24]	Pakistan	1999	NA	>15 yo; SS (+)	Adults and children	At 72 hrs: 10 mm if BCG (−) 15 mm if BCG (+)	NA	Not performed
Salazar-Vergara et al. [25]	Philippines	2001	NA	SS (+)	0–15 yo	5 mm at 48–72 hrs	Clinical, CXR, and/or microbiology	Gastric aspirate if CXR suggestive of TB
Tornee et al. [19]	Thailand	2002/2003	NA	>15 yo; SS (+)	1–14 yo	15 mm at 48 hrs	NA	Not performed
Tornee et al. [20]	Thailand	2003	NA	>15 yo; SS (+)	<15 yo	NA	NA	Not performed
Iskandar et al. [22]	Indonesia	2006	incidence: 245/100000 prevalence: 675/100000	Adult,; SS (−)	4–60 months of age	10 mm at 72 hrs	Indonesia scoring system	Not performed
Nguyen et al. [23]	Lao	2006	incidence: 151/100000 prevalence: 289/100000	>15 y.o.; SS (+)	Adults and children	10 mm at 48–72 hrs	NA	Not performed
Okada et al. [21]	Cambodia	2005	NA	Adult, SS (+) and SS (−)	<5 yo	10 mm at 72 hrs	Clinical, TST, and CXR	Not performed

NA: not available; SS (+): sputum smear positive; SS (−): sputum smear-negative; y.o.: years old; hrs: hours.