Water Quality and Anopheles gambiae Larval Tolerance to Pyrethroids in the Cities of Douala and Yaoundé (Cameroon)
Table 3
Correlation between breeding sites physicochemical characteristics and larval mortality to either deltamethrin or permethrin.
Deltamethrin
Permethrin
Parameters
Mean (95% CI)
value
Mean (95% CI)
value
Physicochemical characteristics
Conductivity
104
602.9 (485.5–720.3)
−0.078
NS
98
602.68 (479.3–726)
+0.065
NS
Temperature
81
31.55 (30.9–32.2)
+0.027
NS
75
31.86 (31.06–32.7)
+0.172
NS
Dissolve oxygen
78
60.3 (44.4–76.2)
+0.466
<0.0001
73
59.77 (43.2–76.4)
+0.187
NS
Total hardness
63
95.24 (75.5–115)
+0.151
NS
63
95.24 (75.5–115.02)
+0.204
NS
Nitrates
104
5.72 (4.27–7.17)
−0.072
NS
98
6.07 (4.53–7.62)
−0.06
NS
Ammonia
104
1.45 (0.91–2)
−0.205
0.04
98
1.55 (0.98–2.12)
−0.084
NS
Aluminium
103
0.063 (0.04–0.09)
−0.069
NS
98
0.065 (0.04–0.09)
−0.053
NS
Potassium
97
23.03 (16.4–29.7)
−0.156
NS
93
24.60 (17.8–31.5)
−0.0098
NS
Iron
104
5.97 (5.19–6.76)
−0.026
NS
98
6.10 (5.28–6.92)
+0.028
NS
Phosphates
68
11.95 (6.30–17.60)
+0.087
NS
62
14.25 (7.05–21.44)
−0.23
NS
Physical characteristics
Cultivated sites
17
—
−0.421
<0.0001
17
—
−0.392
<0.0001
Polluted sites
40
—
+0.113
NS
35
—
0.162
NS
Nonpolluted site
46
—
+0.203
NS
46
—
0.172
NS
: sample size, mean: average concentration (in mg/L) of physicochemical parameters in breeding sites, 95% CI: Confidence interval at 95%, : Correlation coefficient, NS: Nonsignificant, value significant if <0.05.