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| Key component of vector control activities* | Extent to which activities were undertaken in Nepal in 2010 | Reasons for problems identified and how to improve |
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| Entomological surveillance | Limited—few surveys were undertaken in 2006 and one in 2010 at the beginning of the outbreak, only 122 houses included in one municipality. | Due to poor human resource capacity, only two entomologists in Nepal. |
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| Routine search and destroy of vector habitats campaign | Not in place. No routine vector control. | Dengue new and emerging, not previously seen as a threat. Coordination poor in 2010. |
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| Emergency search and destroy of vector habitats campaign | Well run programme through community mobilisation, particularly in Chitwan and Rupandehi. Community received programme well. Not in all vulnerable areas. | Expand programmes to more vulnerable areas. |
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| Awareness campaign | Thorough programme run by district public health office and good role of the media.
Not enough IEC materials and reactive rather than anticipatory. | Need to ensure that awareness campaign is started earlier, before rainy season. Plans to include schoolchildren in future campaigns. |
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| Water treatment by insecticide | Not done in Nepal. | Insecticides not available. |
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| Insecticide treated nets | Not utilised in Nepal. Some nontreated nets available through malaria programme. | Funds not available. |
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| Fogging (insecticide spraying in public areas from vehicles) | Undertaken in some districts in Nepal. Repeated several times as high public demand. | Contentious issue over effectiveness. Educate community over low effectiveness. Need advice from other organisations to maximise effectiveness. |
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| Water container covers | Widespread use in Nepal, part of search and destroy and education campaign. | |
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| Improvement of water supply and sanitation | Not done in Nepal. Poor coordination with district office and WASH cluster. | |
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Interagency coordination
“Multisectoral Dengue Action Committee” setup | Poor. No NGO/INGO collaboration. Poor link and slow communication between central and periphery.
Meetings held with central level and municipality, little evidence of further multisectoral action. | More municipality meetings planned. |
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