Anemia among HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: Improvement in Hemoglobin regardless of Degree of Immunosuppression and the Initiating ART Regimen

Table 2

Association of baseline characteristics with prevalent anemia among 10,259 patients initiating first-line ART at the Themba Lethu Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Crude PR	95% CI	Adjusted PR	95% CI
Sex
Male	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Female	1.59	1.47–1.71	1.77	1.64–1.90
CD4 count (cells/mL)
0–49	2.01	1.72–2.35	1.48	1.28–1.73
50–199	1.37	1.17–1.60	1.19	1.02–1.38
>200	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
BMI (kg/m^2)
<18.5	1.82	1.70–1.94	1.57	1.46–1.70
≥18.5	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Age (years)
18–35	1.83	1.37–2.45	1.59	1.19–2.11
36–55	2.10	1.58–2.80	1.54	1.16–2.04
>55	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
WHO stage
I and II	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
III and IV	2.31	2.15–2.48	1.96	1.81–2.12
ART regimen
d4T in regimen	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
AZT in regimen	0.56	0.42–0.74	0.56	0.42–0.75
TB diagnosis
No	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Yes	1.79	1.68–1.92	1.14	1.06–1.22

Abbreviations: PR: prevalence ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval, ART: antiretroviral therapy, BMI: body mass index, EFV: efavirenz, 3TC: lamixudine, d4T: stavudine,  AZT: zidovudine, NVP: nevirapine, IQR: interquartile range, TB: tuberculosis.