Submicroscopic and Asymptomatic Congenital Infection by Plasmodium vivax or P. falciparum in Colombia: 37 Cases with Placental Histopathology and Cytokine Profile in Maternal and Placental Blood
Table 1
Frequency of IMP-CM P. falciparum in some countries in Africa and in Colombia.
Site
CPI
Tested
Population
Ref.
Africa
Incidence
(+)
n
%
Ibadan, Nigeria
16
72
22,2
In deliveries screened
Sowunmi et al. (1996a)
Enugu, Ibadan, Kaduna, and Kwara, Nigeria
96
1875
5,1
Pairs mother-neonate
Falade et al. (2011)
Mean
112
1947
5,8
Prevalence
(+)
n
%
Lagos, Nigeria
16
104
5,3
Mothers attending the antenatal clinic
Mukhtar et al. (2006)
Lagos, Nigeria
14
100
14,0
Lagos University Teaching Hospital; following up: 28 days
Lesi et al. (2005)
Lagos, Nigeria
1
105
1,0
Parasitaemia (+); no disease
Lamikanra (1993)
Ibadan, Nigeria
11
77
14,0
11/77 = 14 among groups of low socioeconomic status
Olowu et al. (2000)
Ibadan, Nigeria
2
27
7,0
Among groups of middle to high socioeconomic status
Olowu et al. (2000)
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
19
26
73,1
University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital
Ununuma et al. (2014)
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
5
14
35,7
University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital
Nweneka et al. (2007)
Calabar, Nigeria
71
202
37,0
Among 202 neonates with suspected sepsis: 71/202 = 37%
Ekanem et al. (2008)
Enugu, Nigeria
203
625
32,5
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital
Okafor et al. (2006)
Ile-Ife, Nigeria
65
120
54,2
2/65 had fever within 48 hours of life
Obiajunwa et al. (2005)
7 sub-Saharan sites
7
100
7,0
Peripartum mothers and on cord blood; range: 0–23
Fischer (1997)
Mean
414
1500
27,6
Southern Province of Zambia
19
65
29,0
Near-term newborns; Macha Hospital, in peak prevalence
Larkin and Thuma (1991)
Southwestern Cameroon
57
730
7,8
Mutengene Maternity Centre
Akum et al. (2005)
Malawi
8
131
6,0
Parasitaemia in cord blood by microscopy; 20% by PCR
Kamwendo et al. (2002)
Accra, Ghana, 2008
9
405
2,2
Untreated newborns <1 week of age; Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
Enweronu-Laryea et al. (2013)
Accra, Ghana, 2010
0
467
0,0
Same as above; 12% by PCR
Enweronu-Laryea et al. (2013)
Mean
93
1798
5,2
Colombia
Incidence
(+)
n
%
Turbo
3
351
0,85
Neonates in local hospitals and up to 30 days old
Franco et al. (1985)
Prevalence
(+)
n
%
Arboletes, Necoclí, Turbo, and Carepa (Urabá zone)
5
183
2,7
Infants born at local hospitals
Carmona-Fonseca et al. (2009)
Arboletes, Necoclí, Turbo, and Carepa (Urabá zone)
2
79
2,5
Infants born at local hospitals; by nPCR: 13,0%
Campos et al. (2011)
Turbo and Puerto Libertador
0
121
0,0
Infants born at local hospitals; by nPCR: zero
Agudelo et al. (2013)
Mean
7
383
1,8
Numbers assigned by us based on percentage given by authors.
