Submicroscopic and Asymptomatic Congenital Infection by Plasmodium vivax or P. falciparum in Colombia: 37 Cases with Placental Histopathology and Cytokine Profile in Maternal and Placental Blood

Table 6

Expression of cytokines in maternal peripheral blood, according to the presence or absence of congenital infection.

Marker	Cytokine	Plasmodial infection in cord	Mean	SD	SE; mean	95% CI mean; Lower L; Upper L		Min	Max
Anti-inflammatory cytokines	IL-2	No	2.3	0.5	0.07	2.1	2.4	1.1	2.9	0.000
		Yes	2.7	0.3	0.06	2.6	2.9	2.0	3.2
	IL-4	No	1.4	0.2	0.03	1.3	1.4	1.0	1.9	0.557
		Yes	1.4	0.3	0.06	1.2	1.5	1.0	1.9
Immunomodulatory cytokines	IL-10	No	2.2	1.3	0.18	1.9	2.6	0.1	4.0	0.002
		Yes	3.4	0.2	0.05	3.3	3.5	3.0	3.9
	TGF-b	No	1.0	0.5	0.06	0.9	1.1	0.1	1.9	0.027
		Yes	1.3	0.2	0.05	1.2	1.4	0.9	1.8
Proinflammatory cytokines	IFN-g	No	5.5	2.6	0.35	4.8	6.2	2.1	9.4	0.000
		Yes	8.2	1.1	0.24	7.7	8.7	6.7	10.7
	TNF	No	6.0	2.9	0.39	5.2	6.7	2.1	9.7	0.010
		Yes	8.4	0.4	0.10	8.2	8.6	7.4	9.6

Always = 55 in IPM-MCN and = 20 in IPC-MC (+).
In all variables, measurement refers to relative quantitation in which the basal expression of a housekeeping gene is compared and evaluated for the problem gene, according to the CT value of each gene. The graph reveals amplification (amplification plot). The value of CT has no units (expresses the ΔRn/cycle ratio).