Antiviral Activity of Fridericia formosa (Bureau) L. G. Lohmann (Bignoniaceae) Extracts and Constituents
Table 1
Cytotoxicity (CC50, Vero, and LLCMK2 cells), in vitro antiviral activity (EC50), and selectivity index (SI) for ethanol extracts from Fridericia formosa leaves (EEFFL), stems (EEFFS), fruit (EEFFF), fractions, and compounds 1–5.
Extracts/fractions/compound
Vero CC50 g/mL
LLCMK2 CC50 g/mL
HSV-1 EC50 g/mL
SI
VACV-WR EC50 g/mL
SI
EMCV EC50 g/mL
SI
DENV-2 EC50 g/mL
SI
EEFFS
>500
173.9 ± 9.8
93.2 ± 5.4
>5.4
59.2 ± 2.4
>8.4
322.5 ± 14.4
>1.5
42.6 ± 2.3
4.1
EEFFF
>500
>500
147.8 ± 2.4
>3.4
252.7 ± 3.9
>2.0
134.4 ± 5.9
>3.7
13.1 ± 1.6
>38.2
EEAFL
>500
>500
85.6 ± 4.1
>5.8
83.7 ± 3.1
>6.0
199.4 ± 13.8
>2.5
16.3 ± 6.8
>30.7
FFHDF (1 : 1)
222.0 ± 7.3
86.7 ± 8.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
FFDF
263.3 ± 13.9
95.1 ± 9.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
FFDEF (1 : 1)
50.7 ± 2.5
13.8 ± 2.1
NA
NA
NA
3.9 ± 0.36
3.5
FFEF
>500
>500
NA
NA
NA
NA
FFEMF (1 : 1)
>500
>500
169.7 ± 21.0
>2.9
182.9 ± 11.4
>2.7
190.5 ± 14.7
>2.6
31.8 ± 5.7
>15.7
FFMF
>500
>500
50.3 ± 2.8
>9.9
NA
NA
41.8 ± 5.6
>12.0
FFMWF (2 : 1)
>500
>500
35.7 ± 2.0
>14.0
NA
NA
22.8 ± 0.8
>21.9
FFMWF (1 : 2)
>500
>500
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mangiferin (1)
>500
>500
267.9 ± 6.7 (634.8 ± 15.9)
>1.9
182.7 ± 14.3 (432.5 ± 33.9)
>2.7
NA
265.5 ± 14.0 (629.1 ± 33.2)
>1.9
2′-O-Trans-caffeoylmangiferin (2)
>500
>500
4.6 ± 1.5 (7.9 ± 2.6)
>108.7
23.8 ± 1.0 (40.7 ± 1.7)
>21.0
NT
4.1 ± 0.4 (7.0 ± 0.7)
>121.9
2′-O-Trans-coumaroylmangiferin (3)
>500
>500
47.4 ± 6.1 (83.4 ± 10.7)
>10.5
NA
241.0 ± 31.8 (424.3 ± 56.0)
>2.1
40.4 ± 4.2 (71.1 ± 7.4)
>12.4
Chrysin (4)
>500
>500
146.3 ± 15.9 (575.9 ± 62.6
>3.4
123.5 ± 10.5 (486.2 ± 41.3)
>4.0
NA
NA
2′-O-Trans-cinnamoylmangiferin (5)
>500
>500
77.4 ± 4.3 (140.2 ± 7.8)
>6.5
NA
NT
3.5 ± 0.5 (6.3 ± 0.9)
>148.9
Acyclovir
>1000
>1000
Interferon
> × 105
> × 105
SI, selectivity index; viral titer TCID50/mL 2.5 × 106 in 48 h; viral titer TCID50/mL 1.0 × 106 in 48 h; viral titer TCID50/mL 1.0 × 106 in 48 h; viral titer TCID50/mL 1.0 × 104 in 72 h; NA, no activity in the assayed concentrations; NT, no test; concentration in µM; 80 to 100% inhibition of cytopathic effect; concentration in UI/mL; EEFFL, ethanol extract from Fridericia formosa leaves; FFHDF, Fridericia formosa n-hexane/dichloromethane 1 : 1 fraction; FFDF, Fridericia formosa dichloromethane fraction; FFDEF, Fridericia formosa dichloromethane/ethyl acetate 1 : 1 fraction; FFEF, Fridericia formosa ethyl acetate fraction; FFEMF, Fridericia formosa ethyl acetate/methanol 1 : 1 fraction; FFMF, Fridericia formosa ethyl methanol fraction; FFMWF, Fridericia formosa methanol/water 2 : 1 fraction; FFMWF, Fridericia formosa methanol/water 1 : 2 fraction; Fridericia formosa fractions from chromatography of EEFFL over silica gel column.
