Journal of Tropical Medicine

Review Article

Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue Disease in Latin America and in the Caribbean: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Table 1

Summary of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever cases, incidence rate, and circulating serotype reported to World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) by country in Latin America and the Caribbean in the period 2000–2006 [12].

(a)


Year	2000			2001			2002			2003			2004			2005			2006
Country	D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH

Antigua and Barbuda	8	11.94	4	20	30.77	3	5	7.69	3	1	1.54	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Argentina	1,700	4.59	ND	11	0.03		214	0.57	1, 3	135	0.36	1, 2, 3	1,516	4.05	3	34	0.09	2	64	0.17	2, 3
Aruba	76	77.55	ND	0	ND	ND	25	ND	ND	ND	0.00	ND	4	3.85	3	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	2, 3
Bahamas	0	0.00	ND	0	ND	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	2, 3	1	0.32	ND	0	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Barbados	744	275.56	1, 3	1,043	389.18	1, 2, 3, 4	740	276.12	3	22	8.21	1, 3	19	7.09	3	ND	0.00	1, 3	ND	0.00	ND
Belize	4	1.66	ND	3	1.30	ND	41	16.40	2	0	0.00	ND	34	14.72	3, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3	ND	0.00	ND
Bolivia	73	0.88	1, 2	176	14.67	1	892	74.33	1, 2	1,002	50.10	1, 2, 3	682	34.10	1, 2, 3	618	30.90	2, 3	570	28.50	2, 3
Chile	ND		ND	ND		ND	636	ND	1	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Costa Rica	4,907	434.63	1, 3	9,237	818.16	2	12,251	314.53	1, 2	264	8.14	1, 2	ND	0.00	1, 2	ND	0.00	1	ND	0.00	1, 2
Cuba	138	1.23	3, 4	11,432	101.58	3	3,011	26.75	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0	ND	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Curacao	10	4.61	3	0	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Dominica	15	21.13	3	5	7.04	3	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	5	7.04	ND	ND	0.00	2, 4
Ecuador	22,937	181.38	1, 2, 3, 4	10,919	84.77	2, 3	5,833	45.29	2, 3	889	6.90	3	1,111	8.63	1, 3, 4	3,161	24.54	1, 3	1,539	11.48	1, 3
El Salvador	3,248	51.75	2	1,093	17.09	2	18,307	286.05	1, 2, 3, 4	3,782	59.12	2, 4	6,413	96.61	1, 2, 4	7,941	117.52	2, 4	8,428	123.90	1, 2, 4
Granada	27	29.03	2	12	12.77	2, 3	84	89.36	3	3	3.19	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	4
Guatemala	9,006	79.10	2	4,516	38.64	2, 4	7,599	65.02	2, 3, 4	996	8.52	1, 2, 3, 4	937	8.02	1, 2, 3, 4	767	6.56	1, 2, 3, 4	976	ND	1, 2, 4
Guyana	19	2.21	1, 2	60	7.86	2	202	26.47	3	4	0.52	ND	0	0.00	ND	47	6.16	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Haiti	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	1	0.32	ND	ND		ND
Honduras	13,642	210.36	2	9,077	138.05	ND	32,269	490.78	2, 3, 4	184	2.80	2, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 4	ND	0.00	ND
Cayman Islands	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	1	2.50	ND	1	2.50	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND
British Virgin Islands	3	14.29	2, 3	23	95.83	2, 3	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	1	4.17	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Jamaica	25	0.97	ND	39	1.50	ND	90	3.46	ND	45	1.73	ND	19	0.73	ND	9	0.35	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Nicaragua	7,317	144.21	2, 4	2,104	40.40	2, 3	2,157	41.42	1, 2, 4	2,799	53.74	1	343	6.59	1, 2, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 4
Panama	317	11.10	1, 2, 3, 4	1,545	53.29	2	711	24.53	2	39	1.35	2	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3	2,000	68.99	1, 2	ND	0.00	ND
Paraguay	24,282	441.81	1	38	0.67	1, 2	1,871	33.20	1, 2, 3	137	2.43	3	12	0.21	3	36	0.64	2	822	14.58	3
Peru	5,486	21.38	1, 2, 4	23,329	89.41	1, 2, 3, 4	8,875	34.01	1, 3	340	1.30	1, 2, 3	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3	926	3.55	1, 2, 3, 4	1,209	4.63	3
Puerto Rico	2,433	62.88	1, 2, 3	5,233	132.41	2, 3	2,906	73.53	2, 3	1,328	33.60	1, 2, 3	735	18.60	2, 3, 4	ND	0.00	2, 3, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3
Dominican Republic	3,462	40.75	1, 2, 3, 4	3,592	42.28	ND	3,194	37.60	2	1,053	12.40	2	833	9.31	2, 4	903	10.63	ND	1,887	22.21	1, 2
Saint Martin	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	5	4.42	ND	3	2.63	3	125	109.65	3	3	2.63	3	1	0.88	ND	2	1.75	3	ND	0.00	ND
Saint Kitts and Nevis	5	12.82	2	89	234.21	2	20	52.63	2	2	5.26	ND	3	7.89	ND	0	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND
Saint Lucia	0	0.00	ND	292	195.97	3	51	34.23	3	0	0.00	ND	3	2.01	ND	1	0.67	4	ND	0.00	4
Surinam	1,073	257.31	1, 2	760	181.38	3	1,104	263.48	3	1	0.24	2	7	1.67	3	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3	ND	0.00	2
Trinidad and Tobago	2,066	159.54	1, 2, 4	2,244	172.62	2, 3	6,246	480.46	2, 3	121	9.31	3	11	0.85	ND	ND	0.00	3	ND	0.00	2, 3
Uruguay	ND		ND	ND		ND	ND		ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND
Venezuela	21,101	87.30	1, 2, 3, 4	83,180	337.69	1, 2, 3, 4	37,676	152.96	2, 3, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3, 4	ND	0.00	1, 2, 3, 4	5,242	19.73	1, 2, 3, 4

Total	124,129	NA	NA	170,075	NA	NA	147,136	NA	NA	13,151	NA	NA	12,684	NA	NA	16,452	NA	NA	20,737	NA	NA

NA, not applicable; ND, no data available.
imported.
of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever.
rate per 100,000 inhabitants.
serotype.
Note. Epidemiologic week, to which information is available according to PAHO/WHO reports, is not the same for all countries.
Data available from “http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&view=article&id=1&Itemid=40734”.

(b)


Year	2007			2008			2009			2010			2011			2012			2013
Country	D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH			D & DH

Antigua and Barbuda	ND	0.00	ND	17	26.15	2	0	0.00	ND	3	4.62	ND	3	3.37	4	10	11.24	1	3	3.37	1
Argentina	49	0.13	2, 3	3	0.01	1	744	1.99	1	1,185	3.16	1, 2, 4	213	0.53	1, 2	274	0.68	1, 2, 3	2,921	7.29	1, 2, 3, 4
Aruba	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	845	812.50	1, 3	613	589.42	1, 2, 3, 4	1,311	1,285.29	1,4	413	404.90	ND	125	122.55	4
Bahamas	ND	0.00	ND	1	0.32	ND	0	0.00	ND	8	2.60	1, 2	213	62.28	1	5	1.46	ND	2	0.58	ND
Barbados	ND	0.00	ND	1	0.37	ND	2	0.75	3	542	202.24	1, 2, 3, 4	179	65.81	1, 2, 4	434	159.56	1, 2, 4	1,122	412.50	1, 2, 4
Belize	ND	0.00	1	ND	0.00	ND	292	90.68	ND	692	214.91	ND	578	179.50	ND	1,948	604.97	ND	1,202	352.49	ND
Bolivia	2,142	107.10	2, 3	321	16.05	ND	7,421	76.29	1, 2, 3	775	7.97	1, 2	7,515	77.26	1, 2, 3	6,467	66.49	2	1,276	13.12	1, 2, 4
Chile	28	0.62	1	ND	0.00	1	14	0.31	1,4	0	0.00	ND	1	0.02	1	34	0.75	ND	39	0.86	ND
Costa Rica	ND	0.00	1, 2	ND	0.00	1, 2	0	0.00	1, 2	0	0.00	1, 2, 3	3,160	69.25	1, 2, 3	9,224	202.15	1, 2, 3	218	4.78	1, 2, 3
Cuba	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	70	0.62	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND
Curacao	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	820	377.88	1, 2	869	400.46	2	203	142.96	1	82	57.75	ND
Dominica	ND	0.00	2, 4	20	28.17	2	2	2.82	3	140	197.18	1	40	56.34	1,4	29	40.85	1,4	56	78.87	1,4
Ecuador	3,375	25.17	1, 3, 4	244	1.82	1, 3	650	4.85	1,4	65,105	485.57	ND	2,989	22.29	1, 2, 4	140	1.04	1, 2, 4	0	0.00	1, 2, 4
El Salvador	6,181	96.62	1, 2	1,388	21.70	ND	7,461	116.63	1, 2, 3, 4	8,979	140.36	1, 2	7,469	116.76	1, 2, 3, 4	12,899	201.64	1, 2, 3	11,118	173.80	1, 2, 3
Granada	ND	0.00	4	6	6.38	ND	10	10.64	2	92	97.87	1, 2	87	92.55	1	75	68.18	ND	155	140.91	ND
Guatemala	580	4.96	1, 2, 4	397	3.40	1, 2	1,704	14.58	2, 4	3,331	28.50	1, 2, 3, 4	687	5.88	1, 2	2,066	17.68	1, 2, 3, 4	2,450	20.96	1, 2, 3, 4
Guyana	ND	0.00	2, 3	ND	0.00	ND	492	64.48	ND	1,468	192.40	1,4	1,093	143.25	ND	1,120	146.79	1, 2, 4	1120	146.79	2, 4
Haiti	ND		ND	ND		ND	0	ND	ND	0	ND	ND	0	0.00	ND	2	0.02	ND	0	0.00	ND
Honduras	2,128	28.23	1, 2, 4	ND	0.00	2, 4	0	0.00	1, 2	2,524	38.39	1, 2, 3, 4	0	0.00	1, 2	4	0.05	1, 2	591	6.91	2, 3
Cayman Islands	ND	0.00	2, 4	ND	0.00	2	0	0.00	ND	8	20.00	2	2	5.00	2	36	78.26	1,4	41	89.13	1,4
British Virgin Islands	ND	0.00	3	15	62.50	2, 4	3	12.50	2	9	37.50	ND	33	137.50	ND	214	891.67	ND	126	525.00	ND
Jamaica	ND	0.00	2, 4	ND	0.00	3	0	0.00	ND	375	14.43	2	408	15.70	ND	545	19.32	1	159	5.64	1
Nicaragua	1,132	21.74	1, 2, 3	1,424	27.34	1, 2, 3, 4	3,100	59.52	1, 2, 3	1,049	20.14	1, 2, 3	1,238	23.77	1, 3	5,542	106.41	1, 2, 3	8,957	171.99	1, 2, 3, 4
Panama	ND	0.00	3	1,230	42.43	3	4,299	148.29	1, 3	927	31.98	1, 3	3,171	89.15	1, 2, 3	723	20.33	1, 2, 3	1,165	32.75	1, 2, 3
Paraguay	6,137	108.89	3	8	0.14	ND	2,201	39.05	1, 3	3,529	54.70	1, 2, 3	6,750	104.63	1, 2	2,463	36.91	2, 4	12,432	186.30	1, 2, 4
Peru	1,801	6.90	1, 2, 3, 4	3,209	11.47	1, 3, 4	6,495	23.21	1, 2, 3, 4	10,565	35.80	1, 2, 3, 4	8,827	29.91	1, 2, 3, 4	15,858	53.73	1, 2, 3, 4	10,867	36.82	1, 2, 3, 4
Puerto Rico	3,111	78.72	1, 2, 3, 4	741	18.75	1, 2, 3	2,171	54.93	1, 2, 3, 4	9,883	250.08	1, 2, 4	1,495	37.83	1, 2, 4	5,652	151.69	1, 2, 3, 4	9,232	230.14	1, 2, 4
Dominican Republic	6,069	71.44	1, 2, 3, 4	2,038	23.99	ND	4,779	56.26	1, 2, 4	6,885	81.05	1, 2, 4	950	11.18	2	830	9.77	2	405	4.77	1, 2, 4
Saint Martin	ND		ND	ND		ND	305	854.58	1, 2, 4	507	1,420.57	1, 2	96	266.67	1, 2	129	350.54	2, 4	1,298	3,465.03	2, 4
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	ND	0.00	ND	6	5.26	ND	3	2.63	ND	133	116.67	1, 2	47	44.34	ND	193	182.08	ND	248	233.96	ND
Saint Kitts and Nevis	ND	0.00	3	49	128.95	3	2	5.26	3	19	50.00	1, 2	43	113.16	1, 4	1	2.04	4	45	91.84	4
Saint Lucia	ND	0.00	2, 3, 4	64	42.95	2	3	2.01	3	37	24.83	1, 2, 4	585	358.90	1	33	20.25	ND	202	123.93	4
Surinam	ND	0.00	2	24	5.73	ND	28	6.83	4	113	27.56	1, 2, 4	145	33.49	2, 4	337	77.83	1, 2, 4	8	1.85	2
Trinidad and Tobago	ND	0.00	3	206	15.85	2, 3	24	1.85	2	0	0.00	2	1,243	91.53	1,4	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND
Uruguay	ND	0.00	ND	ND	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND	0	0.00	ND
Venezuela	48,186	175.34	1, 2, 3, 4	11,234	40.22	1, 2, 3, 4	5,282	18.61	1, 2, 3, 4	0	0.00	1, 2, 3, 4	0	0.00	1, 2, 3, 4	0	0.00	1, 2, 3, 4	0	0.00	1, 2, 3, 4

Total	80,919	NA	NA	22,646	NA	NA	48,402	NA	NA	120,316	NA	NA	51,440	NA	NA	67,903	NA	NA	67,665	NA	NA