Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Africa and Other Developing Countries between 2005 and 2016: A Potential Emerging Viral Pathogen for Diarrhea

Table 3

Human Bocavirus studies in Africa between 2005 and 2016.

Country	Study period	Setting	Age range	Sampled population	Tested samples	Positive Samples ()	Hospitalized	Outpatient	Sample type	Symptoms	Detection method	HBoV type	Reference
Cameroon	2011-2013	Urban	Children aged ≤15 years	children	347	37 (10.6%)	347	-	Throat	Respiratory tract infection	Multiplex PCR	1	[86]
Egypt	2013-2015	Urban	1 month-2 years	children	100	2 (2%)	40 (40%)	60 (60%)	Stool	Diarrhea	PCR	1	[95]
	2013-2014	Urban	≤ 36 months	children	95	54 (56%)	11 (40%)	43 (63%)	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Real-time PCR	1	[8]
Kenya	2013	Urban	≤5	children	125	21 (16.8%)	125	-	Throat	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1	[59]
	2007-2009	Urban	All age group	Children/adults	384	7 (1.8%)	-	384	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1,2,3,4	[3]
Senegal	2007	Rural	≤5	children	82	1 (1.2%)	-	82	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1	[4]
	2009-2011	Urban	All age group	Children/adults	232	1 (0.43%)	-	232	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Real-Time PCR	1	[115]
South Africa	1998-2000	Urban	<2	children	1460	174 (22.8%)	1460	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	RT-PCR	1	[116]
	2004	Urban	2 days–12 years	children	341	38 (11%)	341	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1	[54]
	2004-2005	Urban	2 months to 6 years	children	242	18 (7.4%)	242	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Nested PCR	1	[117]
	2009-2010	Rural	3 months to <5 years	children	260	30 (11.5%)	-	260	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1	[118]