Resistance Modulation Action, Time-Kill Kinetics Assay, and Inhibition of Biofilm Formation Effects of Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica Linn

Table 1

MICs of standard antimicrobial drugs in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of plumbagin (4 μg/mL).

Antimicrobials	MIC (μg/mL)
	S. aureus		E. coli		K. pneumoniae		P. aeruginosa		C. albicans
	MIC	Folds	MIC	Folds	MIC	Folds	MIC	Folds	MIC	Folds
Ciprofloxacin	0.5	2 (+)	0.25	2 (+)	2	2 (−)	0.25	2 (+)
Amoxicillin	0.25	2 (+)	2	2 (+)	4	6 (+)	256	2 (−)
Ampicillin	0.25	2 (+)	2	2 (+)	4	6 (+)	256	2 (−)
Ketoconazole									4	12 (+)

(+): reduction in MIC (increased activity). (−): increase in MIC (decreased activity).