Malaria-Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Guinea

Table 1

Univariate analysis for risk factors associated with placental malaria and peripheral malaria. N = 1000.

Variables	Levels	Peripheral malaria	Placental malaria
		Crude OR (95% CI)	Crude OR (95% CI)
Age	(14, 18)	Reference	Reference
	(18, 35)	0.97 (0.64–1.51)	0.98 (0.64–1.54)
	(35, 45)	0.39 (0.11–1.05)	0.31 (0.07–0.93)
Marital status	Unmarried	Reference	Reference
	Married	0.88 (0.59–1.33)	1.00 (0.66–1.55)
Preterm delivery	Term	Reference	Reference
	Preterm	0.89 (0.63–1.26)	0.98 (0.68–1.40)
Residence	Kankan	Reference	Reference
	Forécariah	1.84 (1.11–3.07)	1.79 (1.08–3.00)
	Guéckédou	2.40 (1.48–3.96)	2.24 (1.38–3.71)
	N’Zérékoré	0.88 (0.50–1.56)	0.65 (0.35–1.19)
Lived time	≤6 months	Reference	Reference
	≥6 months	0.61 (0.41–0.93)	0.58 (0.39–0.88)
Characteristic of residence	Urban	Reference	Reference
	Rural	1.69 (1.18–2.41)	1.60 (1.10–2.31)
Source of water	Drilling	Reference	Reference
	Well	1.90 (1.15–3.30)	2.32 (1.34–4.27)
	Rainwater	1.31 (0.75–2.39)	1.66 (0.91–3.19)
Education	University	Reference	Reference
	Any level	2.22 (0.87–7.51)	2.11 (0.83–7.15)
	Primary	2.29 (0.84–8.04)	1.91 (0.69–6.77)
	Secondary	1.23 (0.45–4.33)	1.12 (0.40–3.96)
Profession of parturient	Housewife	Reference	Reference
	Freelance	0.78 (0.53–1.14)	0.75 (0.50–1.10)
	Civil servant	0.55 (0.32–0.90)	0.59 (0.34–0.97)
Profession of head of household	Civil servant	Reference	Reference
	Farmer	1.67 (1.02–2.75)	2.19 (1.30–3.79)
	Freelance	1.20 (0.76–1.93)	1.62 (0.99–2.72)
	Unemployed	1.65 (0.76–3.38)	1.78 (0.77–3.88)
Status of household	Monogamous	Reference	Reference
	Polygamous	1.10 (0.75–1.62)	0.99 (0.66–1.48)
	Single	1.14 (0.72–1.78)	1.00 (0.62–1.57)
Backwater	No	Reference	Reference
	Yes	1.33 (0.92–1.90)	1.34 (0.92–1.93)
Garbage	Yes	Reference	Reference
	No	0.77 (0.55–1.08)	0.78 (0.55–1.10)
Means of transport for ANC	Own	Reference	Reference
	Foot	2.06 (1.26–3.51)	1.91 (1.17–3.27)
	Taxi	1.12 (0.62–2.05)	0.96 (0.53–1.78)
Distance from ANC health facility	Yes	Reference	Reference
	No	1.26 (0.76–2.03)	1.14 (0.66–1.86)
Regular use LLINs	Yes	Reference	Reference
	No	2.78 (1.95–4.01)	3.14 (2.17–4.61)
ANC visits number	Normal ANC	Reference	Reference
	Low ANC	1.84 (1.23–2.82)	1.74 (1.16–2.69)
Gravidity	Primigravid	Reference	Reference
	Paucigravid	1.17 (0.78–1.76)	1.25 (0.83–1.87)
	Multigravida	1.14 (0.75–1.73)	0.86 (0.54–1.34)
Parity	Primparous	Reference	Reference
	Pauciparous	0.41 (0.09–2.89)	0.42 (0.09–2.93)
	Multiparous	0.56 (0.12–3.93)	0.46 (0.10–3.23)
SP dose	≤2 doses	Reference	Reference
	≥3 doses	0.66 (0.45–0.95)	0.56 (0.37–0.83)
Other antimalarial drugs	Yes	Reference	Reference
	No	1.09 (0.77–1.55)	0.90 (0.63–1.28)
Medicinal plant	Yes	Reference	Reference
	No	1.52 (1.04–2.28)	1.37 (0.93–2.06)