Late Onset of Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults Living with HIV in an Urban Area in Brazil: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with late of antiretroviral therapy among 1,141 people living with HIV, 2009-2012.

Variables	OR (95%CI)	p-value	Adjusted	p-value
			(95%CI)
Age (years)	1.0 (1.0-1.0)	0.119	1.0 (1.0-1.0)	0.850
Skin color
Brown	1.7 (1.2-2.4)	<0.001	1.4 (1.0-2.0)	0.082
Black	1.2 (0.7-2.3)	0.299	1.2 (0.6-2.5)	0.621
Unknown	1.1 (0.7-1.8)	0.383	0.7 (0.4-1.2)	0.173
White	1		1
Education level
Unknown	2.4 (1.7-3.3)	<0.001	2.0 (1.4-2.5)	<0.001
≤ 8 years	1.9 (1.5-2.5)	<0.001	1.7 (1.2-2.5)	0.001
> 8 years	1		1
Place of
Others	1.9 (1.5-2.4)	< 0.001	1.4 (1.1-2.0)	0.003
Goiânia	1		1
Marital
Single/separated/widowed	1.1 (0.8-1.4)	0.341	-
Married/consensual union	1
Sex/Sexual behavior
Female	2.0 (1.4-2.7)	< 0.001	1.7 (1.1-2.5)	0.016
Heterosexual male	1.9 (1.3-2.6)	< 0.001	1.4 (1.0-2.5)	0.030
Male/Unknown sexual behavior	3.3 (2.3-4.8)	< 0.001	2.5 (1.7-5.0)	< 0.001
Homosexual/Bisexual male	1		1
Injecting drug use
Yes	5.6 (1.4-36.8)	0.010	3.3 (0.7-10.0)	0.133
No/unknown	1		1
Viral load (copies/cm^3)
≥ 100,000	4.4 (3.4-5.8)	< 0.001	5.0 (3.3- 10.0)	< 0.001
< 100,000	1		1
Hepatitis B virus
Yes	2.0 (1.0-4.2)	0.039	2.5 (1.25-5.0)	0.013
No/unknown	1		1
Hepatitis C virus
Yes	1.2 (0.5-3.1)	0.439	-
No/unknown	1
Pharmacological
NRTI + PI	1.5 (1.1-1.9)	0.002	1.4 (1.0-1.7)	0.041
NRTI + NNRTI	1		1

initiation defined as baseline CD4+ cell count < 200 cells/cm³ or baseline AIDS-defining illness. = odds ratio; 95%CI = 95% confidence interval. information: n=15. marital: n=29. : nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Regression model adjusted for age, skin color, education level, place of residence, sex/sexual behavior, injecting drug use, viral load, hepatitis B virus, and pharmacological drugs group. NNRTI: nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI: protease inhibitor.