Interaction of Ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata Methanol Extract and First-Line Antibiotics is Synergistic In Vitro through Production of Reactive Oxygen Species
Table 5
Fractional inhibitory concentration indices of the antibacterial combinations.
Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of different antibiotics combined with methanolic extract of Z. mucronata
Organisms used
ZMM/TET
REM
ZMM/AMX
REM
ZMM/MET
REM
ZMM/ERY
REM
ZMM/KAN
REM
ZMM/NAL
REM
ZMM/CIP
REM
ZMM/CHL
REM
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538
2.50
IND
1.0
ADD
1.50
IND
2.00
IND
0.31
SYN
1.0
ADD
0.24
SYN
2.01
IND
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
2.25
IND
0.38
SYN
0.50
SYN
0.09
SYN
0.63
ADD
1.5
IND
0.75
ADD
1.06
IND
Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031
0.68
ADD
0.56
ADD
0.50
SYN
0.034
SYN
0.28
SYN
1.13
IND
0.32
SYN
0.26
SYN
Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6830
0.16
SYN
0.14
SYN
1.50
IND
1.25
IND
0.50
SYN
2.13
IND
0.32
SYN
0.31
SYN
Bacillus subtilis KZN
0.51
ADD
1.50
ADD
0.75
ADD
1.00
ADD
0.81
ADD
0.63
ADD
0.29
SYN
0.57
ADD
Proteus vulgaris KZN
2.50
IND
0.28
SYN
0.75
ADD
0.75
ADD
5.00
ANT
1.5
IND
1.00
ADD
16.46
ANT
Enterococcus faecalis KZN
2.00
IND
0.56
ADD
1.25
IND
0.16
SYN
2.06
IND
1.25
IND
2.00
IND
1.5
IND
Staphylococcus aureus OK2a
0.03
SYN
0.28
SYN
1.25
IND
0.26
SYN
0.31
SYN
1.50
IND
0.28
SYN
0.19
SYN
Staphylococcus aureus OK2b
0.53
ADD
0.37
SYN
0.62
ADD
0.75
ADD
0.11
SYN
0.75
ADD
1.06
IND
0.31
SYN
Shigella sonnei ATCC 29930
0.02
SYN
0.0004
SYN
0.56
ADD
0.01
SYN
1.25
IND
3.00
IND
0.61
ADD
0.25
SYN
ADD = additive; ANT = antagonistic; IND = indifference; SYN = synergy; ZMM = methanolic extract of Z. mucronata; TET = tetracycline; AMX = amoxicillin; MET = metronidazole; ERY = erythromycin; KAN = kanamycin; NAL = nalidixic acid; CIP = ciprofloxacin; CHL = chloramphenicol; REM = remarks.
