Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda

Table 1

Factors associated with ascariasis in children living in the urban area of Bagre, Pará State, Brazilian Amazon.

	Positive for A. lumbricoides, N (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	value
Age group (years)
0–5 (n = 130)	17 (13.1)	1	0.855	1	0.804
6–10 (n = 137)	20 (14.6)	1.13 (0.56–2.27)		1.09 (0.53–2.24)
11–15 (n = 82)	24 (29.3)	2.75 (1.36–5.52)		2.38 (1.15–4.94)	0.018
Gender
Male (n = 179)	38 (21.2)	1.72 (0.97–3.03)	0.079	1.59 (0.88–2.89)	0.123
Female (n = 170)	23 (13.5)	1		1
Poverty
Yes (n = 249)	48 (19.4)	1.60 (0.82–3.11)	0.102	1.23 (0.60–2.50)	0.559
No (n = 100)	13 (13)	1		1
Albendazole in the last six months
Yes (n = 120)	15 (12.5)	0.56 (0.30–1.06)	0.104	0.56 (0.29–1.09)	0.091
No (n = 229)	48 (20.1)	1		1
Open evacuation
Yes (n = 143)	35 (24.5)	2.24 (1.28–3.93)	0.006	1.02 (0.46–2.23)	0.958
No (n = 206)	26 (12.6)	1		1
Living in stilt houses
Yes (n = 83)	19 (22.4)	1.58 (0.86–2.91)	0.186	1.21 (0.60–2.44)	0.584
No (n = 266)	42 (15.8)	1		1
Latrine inside house
Yes (n = 166)	16 (9.6)	0.32 (0.17–0.60)	<0.001	0.38 (0.17–0.85)	0.019
No (n = 183)	45 (24.6)	1		1
Trichuris trichiura coinfection
Yes (n = 127)	49 (38.6)	10.99 (5.55–21.75)	<0.001	NP	NP
No (n = 222)	12 (5.4)	1
Hookworms coinfection
Yes (n = 26)	17 (65.4)	11.93 (5.02–28.53)	<0.001	NP	NP
No (n = 323)	44 (13.6)	1