Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda

Table 2

Factors associated with trichuriasis in children living in the urban area of Bagre, Pará State, Brazilian Amazon.

	Positive for T. trichiura, N (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	value
Age group (years)
0–5 (n = 130)	27 (20.8)	1		1
6–10 (n = 137)	60 (43.8)	2.97 (1.72–5.10)	<0.001	3.31 (1.85–5.89)	<0.001
11–15 (n = 82)	40 (48.8)	3.63 (1.98–6.65)	<0.001	3.16 (1.66–6.00)	<0.001
Gender
Male (n = 179)	73 (40.8)	1.47 (0.95–2.29)	0.101	1.44 (0.89–2.34)	0.132
Female (n = 170)	54 (31.8)	1
Poverty
Yes (n = 249)	101 (40.7)	1.95 (1.17–3.26)	0.013	1.78 (1.01–3.14)	0.045
No (n = 100)	26 (26)	1		1
Albendazole in the last six months
Yes (n = 120)	37 (30.8)	0.68 (0.43–1.10)	0.148	0.62 (0.37–1.04)	0.073
No (n = 229)	90 (39.3)	1		1
Open evacuation
Yes (n = 143)	73 (51)	2.93 (1.86–4.61)	<0.001	2.07 (1.07–3.99)	0.029
No (n = 206)	54 (26.2)	1		1
Living in stilt houses
Yes (n = 83)	35 (42.2)	1.37 (0.83–2.28)	0.131	0.74 (0.40–1.36)	0.339
No (n = 266)	92 (34.6)	1
Latrine inside house
Yes (n = 166)	39 (23.5)	0.33 (0.20–0.52)	<0.001	0.55 (0.29–1.05)	0.071
No (n = 183)	88 (48.1)	1		1
Ascaris lumbricoides coinfection
Yes (n = 61)	49 (80.3)	10.99 (5.55–21.75)	<0.001	NP	NP
No (n = 288)	78 (27.1)	1
Hookworms coinfection
Yes (n = 26)	20 (76.9)	6.72 (2.62–17.2)	<0.001	NP	NP
No (n = 323)	107 (33.1)	1