Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda

Table 3

Factors associated with hookworm infection in children living in the urban area of Bagre, Pará State, Brazilian Amazon

	Positive for hookworms, N (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	value
Age group (years)
0–5 (n = 130)	4 (3.1)	1		1
6–10 (n = 137)	8 (5.8)	1.95 (0.57–6.65)	0.427	2.03 (0.55–7.45)	0.285
11–15 (n = 82)	14 (17.1)	6.48 (2.05–20.47)	<0.001	6.70 (1.91–23.43)	0.002
Gender
Male (n = 179)	22 (12.3)	5.81 (1.96–17.25)	<0.001	6.35 (2.00–20.14)	0.002
Female (n = 170)	4 (2.4)	1
Poverty
Yes (n = 249)	25 (10.1)	11.09 (1.48–83.6)	0.007	7.66 (0.97–60.35)	0.053
No (n = 100)	1 (1)	1		1
Albendazole in the last six months
Yes (n = 120)	5 (4.2)	0.43 (0.15–1.17)	0.139	0.31 (0.10–0.96)	0.042
No (n = 229)	21 (9.2)	1		1
Open evacuation
Yes (n = 143)	16 (11.2)	2.46 (1.08–5.61)	0.044	0.58 (0.16–2.11)	0.417
No (n = 206)	10 (4.9)	1		1
Living in stilt houses
Yes (n = 83)	13 (15.7)	3.61 (1.60–8.14)	0.002	3.52 (1.22–10.12)	0.019
No (n = 266)	13 (4.9)	1		1
Latrine inside house
Yes (n = 166)	6 (3.6)	0.30 (0.11–0.78)	<0.016	0.39 (0.10–1.42)	0.155
No (n = 183)	20 (10.9)	1		1
Ascaris lumbricoides coinfection
Yes (n = 61)	17 (27.9)	11.97 (5.02–28.5)	<0.001	NP	NP
No (n = 288)	9 (3.1)	1
Trichuris trichiura coinfection
Yes (n = 127)	20 (15.7)	6.72 (2.62–17.24)	<0.001	NP	NP
No (n = 222)	6 (2.7)	1