Assessment of Milk Contamination, Associated Risk Factors, and Drug Sensitivity Patterns among Isolated Bacteria from Raw Milk of Borena Zone, Ethiopia
Table 6
Factors associated with contamination of raw milk from producers in Gomole district, Borena zone, South Ethiopia, 2019.
Factors
Category
Contaminated milk (no. %)
Noncontaminated milk (no. %)
COR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Gender
Male
17 (94.4)
1 (5.6)
2.54 [0.30–21.21]
Female
67 (87)
10 (13)
1
Age group
19–34
34 (87.2)
5 (12.8)
2.21 [0.237–20.54]
35–50
35 (87.5)
5 (12.5)
2.14 [0.23–19.94]
51–67
15 (93.8)
1 (6.2)
1
Educational status
Cannot read and write
76 (90.5)
8 (9.5)
0.32 [0.029–3.4]
Can read and write
5 (71.4)
2 (28.6)
1.20 [0.073–19.6]
Primary grade and above
3 (75)
1 (25)
1
Source of water
Tape water
53 (84.1)
10 (15.9)
0.171 [0.21–1.40]
3.8 [0.395–36.7]
Nontape water
31 (96.9)
1 (3.1)
1
1
Transportation hours
<1 hour
26 (81.2)
6 (18.8)
1.73 [0.31–9.68]
1–2 hours
43 (93.5)
3 (6.5)
0.52 [0.8–3.44]
2<hours
15 (88.2)
2 (11.8)
1
Mix different milk
Yes
70 (87.5)
10 (12.5)
0.50 [0.039–4.23]
No
14 (93.3)
1 (6.7)
1
Train on milk handling
Yes
11 (84.6)
2 (15.4)
0.69 [0.129–3.56]
No
73 (89)
9 (11)
1
Knowledge of milk borne disease
Yes
17 (81)
4 (19)
0.44 [0.116–1.69]
0.69 [0.088–5.41]
No
67 (90.5)
7 (9.5)
1
1
Hand wash before milking
Yes
4 (40)
6 (60)
0.042 [0.009–0.197]
2.4 [0.35–16.4]
No
80 (94.1)
5 (5.9)
1
1
Personal hygiene
Looks poor
47 (90.4)
5 (9.6)
1.52 [0.431–5.39]
Looks good
37 (86)
6 (14)
1
Cleanliness of milk containers
Looks poor
73 (94.8)
4 (5.2)
11.6 [0.53–63.4]
7.47 [0.0023–28.64]
Looks good
11 (61.1)
7 (38.9)
1
1
Statistical significance at = , = and at = , COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted OR with CI = confidence interval.
