Medicinal Plants of Solanum Species: The Promising Sources of Phyto-Insecticidal Compounds

Table 3

List of various phytochemicals and ethnopharmacological uses from Solanum plants.

Species name	Medicinal uses	Parts used	Phytochemicals	Country used	References
S. sisymbriifolium	Used as contraceptive febrifuge, to treat syphilis, hypertension, diarrhea, and respiratory and urinary tract infections, and as analgesics	Whole plants	Solamargine and β-solamarine, cuscohygrine, sisymbrifolin, neolignan	Paraguay, India, Brazil, Perunad, and Argentina	[31]
S. tuberosum	Used to treat burns, constipation, hemorrhoids, corns, cough, tumors, scurvy, and warts, to prevent wrinkles on face, pain, acidity, and swollen gums, and to heal burns	Tubers, skins, raw juice	Solanidine, demissidine, α-chaconine, α-solanine, solavilline, solasdamine	Europe and South America	[32]
S. nigrum	Used to treat Liver disorders, diarrhea, inflammatory conditions, chronic skin ailments (psoriasis and ringworm), fever, hydrophobia, painful periods, and eye diseases	Whole plants	Steroidal alkaloids	Kenya, China, India, and Pakistan	[27]
			Steroidal saponins
			Glycoprotein
S. villosum	Used to treat leucorrhea, nappy rash, wounds, and cold sore	Whole plants	Solanidine, α-chaconine, (d) α-solanine	Africa, Central and South America, China, India, and Pakistan	[33]
S. integrifolium	Used to treat high blood pressure and edema or to cure stomach, lymphadenopathy, and inflammation, and as pain remedy to alleviate edema	Fruits	N-caffeoyl putrescine, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3-acetyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid	South-East Asia, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay	[34]
S. xanthocarpum	Used to treat urolithiasis, respiratory disorders (expectorant, coughs, bronchial asthma, and chest pain), gonorrhea, pest repellent, tympanitis, misperistalsis, piles, and dysuria	Whole plants	Saponins, solanacarpine, solanacarpidine, solancarpine, solasonine	South-East Asia including India, Malaysia, and tropical Australia	[35, 36]
S. trilobatum	Used to treat cough and cold, respiratory disease (chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis), and male fertility, and to cure snake poison, dyspnea, anorexia, worm infestation, skin diseases, hemiplegia, edema, urinary calculi, amenorrhea, and urinary tract disorders.	Leaves	Sobatum, solasodine, solanine, tomatidine, diosgenin, soladunalinidine	China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, and southern India	[37–39]
S. virginianum	Used to treat sore throats, chest pain and catarrh, stomach and respiratory complaints, fever, influenza, painful and difficult urination, bladder stones, and rheumatism	Whole plants	Arabinogalactan, chlorogenic and caffeic acid, khasianine, solasonine, solamargine, beta-solamargine, solanocarpine, and solanocarpidine	India, Sri Lanka, South-East Asia, Malaysia, tropical Australia, and Polynesia	[40]
S. mammosum	Used to treat fungal infections and respiratory disorders (asthma, cough, cold, and sinusitis), skin ulcer, scabies, furunculosis and rashes, insecticide, and rat poison	Leaves, fruits, and seeds	Indioside D, solamargine, tomatine, solasonine, diosgenin, solamargine and β-solamargine	Northern and South America, Caribbean islands, and Africa	[41]
S. lycopersicum	Used to treat skin and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, burns, scalds and sunburn, rheumatism and severe headaches, filarial worm swellings, incipient leprosy spots, and toothache.	Fruits	Lycopene, zeaxanthin, esculoside A, beta-carotene	South and Central America	[42]
S. elaeagnifolium	To cure cold and infant, typhoid, pneumonia, sore throats, an antiseptic agent, toothaches, and gastrointestinal disorders	Whole plants	Solanine, solasonine, solasodine, kaempferol 8-C-beta-galactoside, β-solamarine, solanidine	Asia, Africa, Australia, and tropical and subtropical America	[43]
S. incanum	Used to treat sore throat, angina, stomachache, ear inflammation, snake bites, wounds, liver disorders, skin ailments (ringworm), warts, inflammatory conditions, painful periods, and fever	Whole plants	Khasianine, incanumine, solasodine, kaempferol, isoquercitrin, yamogenin	Africa, Middle East and Far East Asia, and Arabian Peninsula	[44]
S. jasminoides or S. laxum	Used to kill insects	Aerial parts	Steroidal glycosides—inunigroside A; steroidal sapogenol—jasminoside A, solasodine, laxumin A, laxumin B	Uruguay, Brazil, South America, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina	[13]
S. pseudocapsicum	Used to treat boils and gonorrhea, male tonic and abdominal pain, somnolence, and diabetes	Bark, fruit, leaves, and seeds	Solanocapsine, solacasine, solateinemine, O-methylsolanocapsine, episolacapine, and isosolacapine	India, Nepal, and the Philippines	[45]
S. torvum	Used to treat fever, wounds, tooth decay, reproductive problems, and arterial hypertension	Fruits and leaves	Chlorogenin, torvoside A-L, chlorogenone	Thailand, India, West Indies, and South America	[46]
S. verbasicum	Used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, eczema, edema, gout, headaches, ulcers, fever, hematuria, and toothache	Leaves and roots	Pentanone and γ-sitosterol	India and China	[47]