Medicinal Plants of Solanum Species: The Promising Sources of Phyto-Insecticidal Compounds

Table 4

Different types of test organisms, bioassays, and doses used to study the mosquitocidal activity of crude plant extracts from Solanum genus.

Species name	Species tested	Types of bioassays	Dose	References
S. sisymbriifolium	Anophelinae (insects and larvae)	Biocidal assay	0.005–5 g/ml	[53]
S. tuberosum	Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi	Larvicidal assay	1.1–0.5% (AE)	[54]
			1.2 25–75 ppm (CME)
S. nigrum	Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi	Mosquito-larvicidal assay	2.5, 5, and 10 ppm	[55]
	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal bioassay	1–3%	[56]
	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Mosquitocidal assay	15, 20, and 25 mg/L	[57]
S. villosum	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal assay	30, 50, and 100 ppm	[58, 59]
	An. subpictus		30, 50, 100, and 200 ppm
	S. aegypti		0.1–0.5% and 15, 25, and 30 ppm
S. integrifolium	Spodoptera frugiperda	Insecticidal assay	1 μg/mL	[60]
S. xanthocarpum	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Mosquito-larvicidal and pupicidal assays	50–650 ppm	[61]
	Culicine larvae	Larvicidal assay	1–5 ml	[62]
	Ae. aegypti	Mosquitocidal assay	100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm	[63]
	Ae. aegypti	Insecticidal	0.82 mg/ml	[64]
	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Mosquito-larvicidal assay	62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L	[65]
	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal assay	7500–20 000 ppm	[66]
	An. stephensi	Larvicidal assay	1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 4%	[67–69]
	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal assay	1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 4%
	An. stephensi	Larvicidal assay	7500–20 000 ppm	[70]
	Cx. Vishnui and L. acuminata	Mosquito-larvicidal assay	75, 100, and 150 ppm	[71]
	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Mosquito-larvicidal assay	15, 20, and 25 ppm
S. trilobatum	An. stephensi	Oviposition deterrent assay	0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1%	[72]
		Skin repellent assay	0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02%	[73]
	Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. stephensi	Larvicidal and pupicidal assays	50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm
	Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal assay	100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm	[74]
	Haemaphysalis bispinosa and Hippobosca maculata	Acaricidal and insecticidal assays	46.88 to 3,000 ppm	[75]
Solanum Mammosum-Silver Nanoparticles (Sm-AgNPs)	Ae. aegypti	Larvicidal assay	1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 ppm	[76]
			0.05, 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08 ppm
S. lycopersicum	Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal activity	50, 100,150, 200, and 250 ppm	[77]
S. elaeagnifolium	Fourth instar larvae	Larvicidal assay	2% extract (5 µl spray)	[78]
	Tribolium castaneum and Phthorimaea operculella	Insecticidal assay		[79]
S. incanum	A. messinae and M. najdensis	Insecticidal assay	2.5–135 µg/ml	[80]
S. laxum—laxumin A	Schizaphis graminum	Insecticidal assay	50–500 µm	[81]
S. laxum—luciamin	Schizaphis graminum	Repellant assay	50–500 µm	[82]
S. jasminoides	Phlebotomus papatasi and Bougainvillea glabra	Insecticidal assay	—	[83]
S. surattense	Callosobruchus chinensis	Insecticidal assay	1, 2.5, 5, and 10%	[84]
S. torvum	An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal bioassay	1.25 to 400 ppm	[85]
S. verbasicum	Cx. quinquefasciatus	Larvicidal activity	100, 300, 500, or 1000 ppm	[86]
S. asperum	Biomphalaria glabrata	Molluscicidal activity	10, 50, and 100 µg/ml	[87]
Nicotiana glauca	Pieris rapae	Larvicidal assay	0.7 mg to 2.8 mg/ml	[88]
S. elaeagnifolium	Tribolium castaneum	Repellent and antifeedant assay	200 μl/disc (2% extract)	[89]