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Solanum spp. | Part used | Target insect species | Effect | Extract/compound fraction | Bioactive compound | LC50, LC90 | Reference |
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S. sisymbriifolium | F | Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae | Insecticidal | Total alkaloid fraction | Solamargineβ-solamarine | 0.45–0.75 mg/ml | [53] |
S. tuberosum | T | An. stephensi (malaria vector)Culex quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Aqueous, chloroform: methanol (1 : 1) | NI | 1.18–1.30 mg/l | [54] |
S. nigrum | B, L | An. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) | Alkaloids | 1.26–2.44 ppm | [55] |
S. villosum | B | Aedes aegypti (dengue vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Chloroform:methanol | Steroids | 21.02 (3rd instar) ppm | [90] |
S. integrifolium | F | Spodoptera frugiperda | Insecticidal | Chitin-binding lectins (CBLs) and crude | Polysaccharide | 1 µg/ml | [60] |
S. xanthocarpum | L | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal and pupicidal | Crude ethanolic | NI | 155.3–448.4 ppm, 687.1–1,141.6 ppm | [61] |
S. xanthocarpum | F | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal and pupicidal | Crude ethanolic | SolanocarpidineSolanocarpine | 253.2, 435.2 ppm79.5, 462.1 ppm | [63] |
S. xanthocarpum | L | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filarial vector) | Mosquito repellent effect | Volatile oil | Volatile oil | 8% repellency; 311 minutes of protection | [72] |
S. trilobatum | L | An. stephensi (malaria vector) | Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent | Leaf extract | Volatile compounds | 99.4% repellency; 123 minutes of protection | [72] |
S. xanthocarpum | WP | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal and pupicidal | Chloroform fraction, crude | Quinine, terpenoids, and other compounds | 227.9 ppm, 411.4 ppm | [91] |
S. xanthocarpum | F, R | Culicine larvae | Larvicidal | Crude aqueous | AlkaloidsSaponins | ∼100% mortality | [62] |
S. trilobatum | L | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)An. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Adulticidal | Crude methanolic | NI | 116.6–127.8 ppm | [73] |
S. nigrum | L | An. subpictus Cx. vishnui group | Larvicidal | Chloroform:methanol (1 : 1 v/v) | Phytosteroids | 3.68–5.64 mg/l, 24.74–44.33 mg/l | [56] |
S. villosum | L | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)An. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Leaf protein | Polypeptides | 644.7–747.2 ppm, 1,882.4–2,220.0 ppm | [90] |
S. virginianum | WP | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector) | Insecticidal | Methanolic | NI | 0.82 mg/ml | [92] |
S. nigrum | B, L | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector) | Larvicidal | Crude | Eugenol (E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-heptene-2-one | Leaf: 9.8 ml/l, 26.4 ml/lGreen berry: 51.4 ml/l, 459.8 ml/lBlack berry: 9.9 ml/l, 56.1 ml/l | [93] |
S. nigrum | L | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Crude | AlkaloidsSteroids | 0.08%, 0.37% | [57] |
S. nigrum | B | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Crude, chloroform: methanol (1 : 1, v/v) | Aromatic amide compounds | 61.5 mg/l, 297.0 mg/l | [55] |
S. xanthocarpum, Withania somnifera | F | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)An. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Synergistic larvicidal | Crude aqueous | NI | SX: 48.4 mg/l, 218.2 mg/lSX : WS (1 : 1 v/v): 32.7 mg/l, 149.4 mg/lSX : WS (1 : 2 v/v): 22.9 mg/l, 109.8 mg/lSX : WS (1 : 3 v/v): 50.2 mg/l, 361.9 mg/l | [65] |
S. xanthocarpum | WP | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)An. culicifaciesAn. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Methanolic | Edible oils | 91.7–450.6 ppm, 379.0–1,881.0 ppm | [94] |
S. xanthocarpum | NI | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Ethanolic | NI | 788.10, 1288.91 mg/l,573.20, 1066.93 mg/l | [95] |
S. mammosum | NI | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector) | Larvicidal | Aqueous silver nanoparticles | Steroidal alkaloids | 1,631.3 ppm, 4,756.2 ppm; 0.06 ppm, 0.08 ppm | [76] |
S. trilobatum | L | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Acetone | Cyclodecanol and other compounds | 189.5 ppm, 444.3 ppm167.4 ppm, 371.8 ppm | [74] |
S. trilobatum | AP | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filarial vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether | NI | Acetone: 186.4 mg/l, 366.5 mg/lChloroform: 346.1 mg/l, 595.6 mg/lPetroleum ether: 165.0 mg/l, 293.5 mg/l | [96] |
S. xanthocarpum | R | An. stephensi (malaria vector) | Larvicidal | Petroleum ether | NI | 0.93 ppm, 8.48 ppm | [67] |
S. xanthocarpum | R | An. stephensi (malaria vector) | Larvicidal | Petroleum ether with temephos (1 : 1) | NI | 0.02 ppm, 0.09 ppm | [69] |
S. xanthocarpum | F | An. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Carbon tetrachloridepetroleum ether | NI | 1.27 ppm, 59.45 ppm | [97] |
S. xanthocarpum | R | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Petroleum ether | NI | 38.48 ppm, 80.83 ppm | [66] |
S. xanthocarpum | R | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Temephos:plant (1 : 1) | NI | 0.01 ppm, 0.02 ppm | [67] |
S. xanthocarpum | F, R | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)An. culicifaciesAn. stephensi (malaria vector) | Larvicidal | Fruit, root | NI | 0.05–1.16 ppm, 0.22–3.58 ppm | [98] |
S. villosum | L | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Chloroform:methanol (1 : 1 v/v) | NI | 39.19 ppm | [58] |
S. villosum | L | An. subpictus | Larvicidal | Chloroform-methanol | Glycoalkaloids | 23.47–30.63 ppm | [59] |
S. lycopersicum | L | Culex and Aedes spp. | Larvicidal | Aqueous ethanolic | NI | 100% mortality at 250 ppm | [77] |
S. nigrum | L | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)An. culicifacies Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Crude aqueous | NI | 0.027–0.032%, 0.027–0.212% | [99] |
S. elaeagnifolium | F | Blattella germanica | Repellent effect | Ethanolic, hexane | NI | 50 mg/ml | [100] |
S. elaeagnifolium | L, B | An. labranchiae | Larvicidal effect | Aqueous, ethanolic | Glycoalkaloid extracts | LC90 (24 h) 209.8, 123.4 ppm | [78] |
S. elaeagnifolium | | Fasciola hepaticaGalba truncatula Müll. | Molluscicidal activity | Total saponin fractionTotal alkaloid fraction | β-solamarine | 0.94 mg/L14.67 mg/L | [101] |
S. incanum | F, L | Amitermes messinaeMicrotermes najdensis | Insecticidal | Crude hexane | β-chaconine, α-solanine | 40% mortality at 67.5 µg/ml | [80] |
S. jasminoides | WP | Phlebotomus papatasi (Leishmania vector) | Larvicidal and repellent effect | Branch | NI | Median survival = 8 days (confidence interval: 17.1–18.9) | [83] |
S. nigrum | F | Ae. aegypti (dengue vector)An. culicifacies AAn. culicifacies CAn. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Aqueous, hexane | NI | <20 ppm, <100 ppm | [102] |
S. pseudocapsicum | NI | Helicoverpa armigeraSpodoptera litura | Antifeedant, insecticidal | Ethyl acetate (5%) | NI | Maximum insecticidal = 66.5–75.3% | [103] |
S. pseudocapsicum | L, SD | Agrotis ipsilon | Antifeedant, insecticidal | Ethyl acetate (5%) | NI | Maximum insecticidal = 60.1% | [104] |
S. nigrum | L, F | Ae. caspiusCx. pipiens | Larvicidal | 70% ethanolic | NI | 3.37 mg/l | [105, 106] |
S. surattense | F, L, R, S | Callosobruchus chinensis | Pesticidal | Aqueous extract, aqueous suspension | NI | Reduction in oviposition = 2–5 eggs/pair | [84] |
S. surattense and S. trilobatum | L | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Insecticidal | Ethyl acetate, petroleum ether | NI | 46.04 ppm | [107] |
S. torvum | L | An. stephensi (malaria vector)Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Methanolic | NI | (LC90) 70.38–210.68 ppm | [85] |
S. trilobatum | L, SD | Hippobosca maculata | Insecticidal | Hexane | NI | 495.61–432.77 ppm,1,914.84–1,872.33 ppm | [75] |
S. verbasicum | L | Cx. quinquefasciatus (filaria vector) | Larvicidal | Various solvents | NI | 100% mortality at 72 hours | [86] |
S. tuberosum | T | Leptinotarsa decemlineataEmpoasca fabae | Insecticidal | Crude sample | ChaconineSolanine | 100% defoliation | [108] |
S. laxum | WP | Schizaphis graminum | Insecticidal | Steroidal glycoalkaloid fraction | Laxumin A and B | 4.3 μM and 6.1 μM | [81] |
S. laxum | AP | Schizaphis graminum | Insecticidal | Ethanolic | Luciamin | 70% mortality at 24 hours | [82] |
S. nigrum | B | Cx. quinquefasciatus | Mosquito-larvicidal | Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1, v/v) solvent | NI | 80% mortality at 72 hours | [57] |
Solanum steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids | SA | Tribolium castaneum | Larvicidal | Isolated compounds in diet | Steroidal glycoalkaloids | 89–100% larvicidal effect | [109] |
S. nigrum | L | Lymnaea acuminata Cx. vishnui(vector of Japanese encephalitis) | Mosquito-larvicidal | Aqueous | Aliphatic amide compounds | LC50 55.45 and 11.59 ppm, respectively at 72 h. | [70] |
S. nigrum | L | Cx. quinquefasciatus | Mosquito-larvicidal | Ethyl acetate | Glucosisaustrin | 32–48% mortality at 72 hours of 4th larval instars | [71] |
S. asperum | L | Biomphalaria glabrata | Molluscicidal activity | Methanolic extractAlkaloidal fractionSolanandaineSolasonineSolamargine | SolanandaineSolasonineSolamargine | LC9044.1;17.3399.772.063.6 | [87] |
Nicotiana glauca | L | Pieris rapae | Larvicidal effect | Total alkaloid anabasine | Anabasine | EC50-1.202 mg/larva 0.572 mg/larva | [88] |
S. elaeagnifolium | S, L | Tribolium castaneum | Insecticidal (repellent assay) | Methanol (seed and leaves) | Glycoalkaloids | % repellent effect:Seeds: 94% after 2 hrsLeaves: 74% after 2 hrs | [89] |
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