Natural Products for Cancer Therapy: A Review of Their Mechanism of Actions and Toxicity in the Past Decade

Table 6

The anticancer effects of ursolic acid on different cell lines.

Cancer type	Cell line	Effects	Reference
Breast	MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231	Downregulation of STAT3, EFGR, cyclin D1, antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis	[132]
	MDA-MB-231	Regulation of JNK, Akt and mTOR pathways, antimigration, anti-invasion	[133]
	MMTV-Wnt-1	Modulation of Akt/mTOR pathway, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antitumour	[134]
Cervical	HeLa	Modulation of p53/MMP-9/PTEN/CD44-mediated signalling pathways, antimetastasis	[135]
Fibrosarcoma	HT1080	Downregulation of MMP-9, antimetastasis	[136]
Gastric	SGC7901	Inhibition of COX-2, cytotoxicity	[64]
		Activation of ROCK1 and PTEN, translocation of cofilin-1, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and 9, apoptosis	[137]
	BGC-803	Activation of caspase-3, 8, 9, downregulation of Bcl-2, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 stage, apoptosis	[82]
	BGC-823	Mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1, apoptosis	[138]
Glioma	C6	Suppression of ZIP/p62 and PKC-zeta association, downregulation of MMP-9, anti-invasion	[139]
Liver	HepG2	Downregulation of COX-2, antiproliferation, apoptosis	[140]
		Downregulation of survivin, activation of caspase-3, apoptosis	[141]