Incidence and Predictors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Children Who Received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Historical Cohorts Study 2009–2019

Table 2

Clinical and hematologic characteristics of seropositive children attending ART care in selected public health facilities (N = 721), 2020.

Variables	Categories	Number	Frequency
Dietary counseling during follow-up	Yes	465	64.5
	No	256	35.5
Admission history of SAM	Yes	124	17.3
	No	597	82.6
Opportunistic infection (OI at baseline)	Yes	258	35.8
	No	453	64.2
Types of ART regimen	D4t-3TC-NVP	48	6.6
	D4t-3TC-EFV	26	3.6
	AZT-3TC-NVP	293	40.6
	AZT-3TC-EFV	165	22.8
	TDF-3TC-EFV	104	14.4
	AZT-3TC-LPV/R	36	4.9
	ABC-3TC-NVP	25	3.5
	ABC-3TC-EFV	24	3.3
ART regimen change	Yes	211	29.3
	No	510	70.7
Functional status (age ≤5 years)	Appropriate	69	71.9
	Delay	15	15.6
	Regression	12	12.5
Developmental history (age >5 years)	Working	488	77.9
	Ambulatory	87	13.9
	Bedridden	51	8.15
Adherence	Good	356	49.4
	Faire	177	24.5
	Poor	188	26.1
WHO clinical stage	I	237	32.8
	II	202	28.1
	III	170	23.6
	IV	112	15.5
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)	Yes	451	62.5
	No	270	37.4
Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy	Yes	419	58.1
	No	302	41.9
CD4 count per mm^3	Below the threshold	308	42.7
	Above threshold	413	57.3
Hemoglobin level	≤10 g/dl	229	31.7
	>10 g/dl	492	68.2
Types of opportunistic other than TB	Bacterial pneumonia	79	30.6
	Diarrhea	74	28.8
	Meningitis	9	3.6
	PCP	6	2.33
	Skin dermatitis	7	2.7
	Kaposi’s sarcoma	5	1.9
	Acute/chronic otitis media	9	3.5
	Others	3	1.18
Duration on ART	≤36 months	223	30.93
	36–72 months	295	40.92
	73–180 months	203	28.16
Current status of children	On follow-up	539	74.76
	Transferred into other health institution	68	9.43
	Lost to follow-up	24	3.3%
	Died	90	12.48
Maternal PMTC follow-up history	Yes	487	67.6
	No	234	32.4
MUAC	≤11.5 cm	270	37.45
	>11.5 cm	451	62.55
Children status during data collection	Died	87	12.07
	Survived	634	87.93
Incidence of PTB/TB during follow-up	Event	63	8.7%
	Censored	658	91.2%