Incidence and Predictors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Children Who Received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Historical Cohorts Study 2009–2019

Table 5

Bivariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard analysis for predictors of PTB among children who received ART in a selected public health facility in Northwest Ethiopia (N = 721).

Variables	Categories	CHR (95% CI)	AHR	value
Sex	Male	1.8 (1.1, 3.0)	1.5 (0.83;2.7)	0.11
	Female	1	1
Age	≤5 years	1	1
	6-10 years	1.3 (0.85, 1.7)	1.7 (0.8; 4.2)	0.27
	11–15 years	1.9 (1.2, 3.8)	1.5 (0.64;3.5)	0.34
Residence	Rural	3.4 (2.5, 9.7)	1.7 (0.76; 3.8)	0.19
	Urban	1	1
Family size	≤2	1	1
	3–5	2.5 (1.2; 4.5)	2.1 (0.9; 13.7)	0.05
	≥6	1.3 (0.4; 4.8)	2.3 (0.94; 9.2)	0.31
Disclosure status	Yes	2.5 (2.2; 7.5)	1.2 (0.6; 2.2)	0.42
	No	1	1
IP	Given	1	1
	Not given	5.6 (2.1, 8.3)	2.4 (1.2; 5.1)	0.01
CPT	Given	1	1
	Not given	3.7 (2.8; 7.8)	2.5 (1.4–4.7)	0.02
ART drug adherence	Good	1	1
	Fair	2.1 (1.7;4.1)	1.8 (0.97–2.4)	0.31
	Poor	3.1 (2.05; 6.3)	1.2 (0.68–2.2)	0.11
Height-for-age (HFA)	HFA ≥ −2 Z score	1	1
	HFA −2-3 Z score	2.1 (1.5; 2.8)	1.2 (0.8–2.7)	0.17
	HFA ≤ −3 Z score	3.9 (3.8; 5.1)	2.9 (1.2–7.8)	0.03
WHO clinical stages	Stage I & II	1	1
	Stage III & IV	5.1 (4.9; 6.4)	1.8 (0.8–2.5)	0.12
Levels of hemoglobin	> 10 mg/dl	1	1
	≤10 mg/dl	9.6 (5.13; 18.0)	4.(2.1; 8.1)	0.01
Baseline MUAC	≤11.5 cm	2.4 (1.5; 3.9)	1.7 (0.89; 2.5)	0.11
	>11.5 cm	1	1
Weight-for-height (WFH)	WAZ ≤ −3 Z score	2.8 (1.5; 3.3)	1.7 (0.6; 4.59)	0.26
	WAZ −2-3 Z score	2.6 (1.92; 2.8)	1.61 (0.91; 2.85)	0.10
	WAZ ≥ −2 Z score	1	1
Times of follow-up	≤36 months	1	1
	36–72 months	1.9 (0.76; 4.8)	0.86 (0.29; 2.6)	0.80
	73–180 months	2.4 (1.99; 8.53)	1.5 (0.7; 3.02)	0.36
SAM admission history (SAM)	Yes	2.4 (1.9; 6.3)	1.3 (0.68; 2.5)	0.69
	No	1	1
CD4/mm^3 count	Below threshold	2.2 (1.7; 4.1)	1.4 (0.82; 5.1)	0.21
	Above threshold	1	1