Review Article
Old and New Insights in the Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma
Table 4
TNM classification system for thyroid carcinoma.
| TNM Classification System | T1 Tumor diameter 2 cm or smaller | T2 Primary tumor diameter 2 to 4 cm. | T3 | Primary tumor diameter 4 cm limited to the thyroid or with | minimal extracapsular | extension | T4a | Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid capsule to | invade the subcutaneous soft | tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve | T4b Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery | or mediastinal nerves | Tx Primary tumor size unknown, but without extrathyroid | extension | N0 No metastatic nodes | N1a Metastasis to level VI (pretracheal, paratracheal, prelaryngeal) | NIb Metastasis to unilateral or bilateral or contralateralcervical | or superior mediastinum | Nx Nodes not assessed at surgery | M0 No distant metastasis | M1 Distant metastasis |
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