Clinical and Pathological Implications of Concurrent Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders and Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Figure 1

Activation of a self-specific T-cell initiates a cascade of events that amplifies the immune response and involves both CD4 and CD8 T cells, inducing an antibody-mediated response. B: B cells; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IL-2: interleukin-2; MHCII: major histocompatibility class II; T: T cells; Tc: cytotoxic T-cell; Th: T helper cell (adapted from [51]).