Research Article
Significance of TNF-α and the Adhesion Molecules: L-Selectin and VCAM-1 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Table 1
Clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients.
| | Characteristics | (%) | Characteristics | (%) |
| | Age | | Bilaterality | | | 45 years | 41 (49) | Unilateral | 61 (74) | | 45 years | 42 (51) | Bilateral | 22 (26) | | Gender | | Haemorrhagic area | | | Female | 56 (68) | Absent | 72 (87) | | Male | 27 (32) | Present | 11 (13) | | Tumour size | | Necrosis | | | T1 () + T2 () | 38 (46) | Absent | 67 (81) | | T3 () + T4 () | 45 (54) | Present | 16 (19) | | Nodal status | | Calcification | | | Absent | 30 (36) | Absent | 32 (39) | | Present | 53 (64) | Present | 51 (61) | | Metastasis | | Extrathyroidal extension | | | Absent | 73 (88) | Absent | 52 (63) | | Present | 10 (12) | Present | 31 (37) | | Stage | | Fibrosis | | | Early (Stage I () + Stage II ()) | 49 (59) | Absent | 61 (74) | | Advanced (Stage III () + Stage IV ()) | 34 (41) | Present | 22 (26) | | Lymphatic permeation | | Inflammation | | | Absent | 67 (81) | Absent | 46 (55) | | Present | 16 (19) | Present | 37 (45) | | Vascular permeation | | Differentiation | | | Absent | 74 (89) | Well | 76 (92) | | Present | 09 (11) | Moderate/poor | 07 (08) | | Capsular invasion | | Multifocality | | | Absent | 55 (66) | Absent | 64 (77) | | Present | 28 (34) | Present | 19 (23) | | Encapsulation | | Residual disease | | | Well encapsulated | 76 (92) | Absent | 24 (29) | | Partially/not encapsulated | 07 (08) | Present | 59 (71) |
| | Treatment | | Surgery | 29 (35) | | | | Surgery + RIA and/or RT | 54 (65) | Surgery + RIA | 50 (60) | | | | Surgery + RIA + RT | 04 (05) |
| | Disease status | | Recurrence/distant metastasis () | | Alive/dead () | | | Absent | 62 (90) | Alive | 68 (89) | | Present | 07 (10) | Dead | 08 (11) | | Recurrence | 3 (4) | | | | Distant metastasis | 4 (6) | | | | Bone | 1 (1.5) | | | | Lung | 2 (3.0) | | | | Bone + lung | 1 (1.5) | | |
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