Review Article
Prenatal Exposures to Multiple Thyroid Hormone Disruptors: Effects on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
Table 1
Hallmarks and effects of hyper-/hypothyroidism on fetal growth.
| | Hyperthyroidism | Hypothyroidism |
| Metabolic rate | ++ | − | Glucose demand by tissues | ++ | − | Glucose stimulated insulin secretion | − | − | Hyperinsulinemia | ++ | N/A | Insulin resistance | ++ | N/A | Glucose disposal | − | − | Hepatic gluconeogenesis | ++ | ++ | Lipogenesis | − | ++ | Lipolysis | ++ | − | Fetal growth | − | ++ |
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++ symbolizes increase and − symbolizes a decrease, whereas N/A means not applicable.
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