Association of Polygenetic Risk Scores Related to Immunity and Inflammation with Hyperthyroidism Risk and Interactions between the Polygenetic Scores and Dietary Factors in a Large Cohort

Table 1

Nutrient intake and dietary patterns of the participants according to hyperthyroidism.

	No-hyperthyroidism (n = 38,799)	Hyperthyroidism (n = 530)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^1
Energy intake (<EER (%))	95.9 ± 0.16^2	97.2 ± 1.07	1.088 (0.941 1.257)
CHO intake (<65 En%)	71.6 ± 0.04	72.3 ± 0.24	1.382 (1.108–1.723)
Protein intake (<15 En%)	13.4 ± 0.01	13.2 ± 0.09	0.909 (0.760–1.087)
Fat intake (<20 En%)	14.0 ± 0.03	13.5 ± 0.182	0.811 (0.638–1.030)
Fiber intake (<5 g)	5.62 ± 0.01	5.75 ± 0.08	1.072 (0.846–1.222)
Ca intake (<500 mg/d)	441 ± 1.15	445 ± 7.74	1.169 (1.005–1.358)
Na intake (2300 mg/d)	1384 ± 3.53	1401 ± 2.39	1.095 (0.939–1.278)
Seaweed intake (<2.6 g/day)	1.94 ± 0.01	1.99 ± 0.07	1.172 (0.995–1.375)
V–C intake (<100 mg/d)	103 ± 0.33	107 ± 2.26	1.061 (0.908–1.239)
Dietary inflammation index (<10.0)	1919 ± 7.52	1973 ± 51	1.053 (0.886–1.252)
Traditional-balanced diet^4	25295 (65.2)^3	372 (70.2)	1.144 (0.969–1.351)
Western-style diet^4	26215 (67.6)	309 (58.4)	0.818 (0.699–0.957)
Rice-based diet^4	19989 (51.5)	258 (48.6)	0.958 (0.824–1.115)
Coffee intake (number (%))
Low (<3 C/week)	14,014 (36.1)	222 (41.8)	1
Medium (3–10 C/week)	24,414 (62.9)	306 (57.7)	0.901 (0.777–1.045)
High (≥10 C/week)	375 (0.97)	3 (0.59)	0.626 (0.231–1.697)
Alcohol intake (number, (%))
No	21288 (54.9)	373 (70.4)	1
Mild drink (0–20 g)	858 (2.21)	12 (2.26)	0.761 (0.467–1.240)
Moderate drink (≥20 g)	16657 (42.9)	145 (27.3)	0.749 (0.631–0.891)
Exercise^5 (yes; number, (%))	21,173(54.8)	292 (55.1)	1.019 (0.882–1.177)

¹ Adjusted odds ratio (ORs) after adjusting for covariates including age, gender, residence areas, initial menstruation age, menopause, pregnancy experience, income, education, energy intake, smoking status, physical activity, WBC counts, alcohol intake, autoimmune diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and allergy, seaweed intake, and survey year using logistic regression models. The values represent adjusted means ± standard errors² for continuous variables or number (percentage) of the categorical variables³. The cutoff points: ⁵ <75th percentile intake of each dietary pattern and ⁵ physical exercises with moderate activity (3 times a week). Significant difference from the no-hyperthyroidism group (control) at , , .