Association of Polygenetic Risk Scores Related to Immunity and Inflammation with Hyperthyroidism Risk and Interactions between the Polygenetic Scores and Dietary Factors in a Large Cohort

Table 5

Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for hyperthyroidism by the PRS with 7 SNPs after covariate adjustments according to age, gender, metabolic syndrome, and nutrient intake.

	Low PRS (N = 15,403)	Medium PRS (N = 20,929)	High PRS (N = 2,997)	Gene-nutrient interaction value
Less aged people^1	1	1.434 (1.152–1.786)	2.850 (1.771–4.588)	0.0366
More aged people		1.135 (0.572–2.255)	1.135 (0.572–2.255)
Men	1	1.172 (0.773–1.778)	2.856 (1.187–6.871)	0.3095
Women		1.276 (1.080–1.507)	1.811 (1.176–2.787)
Without MetS	1	1.338 (1.130–1.583)	2.278 (1.530–3.391)	0.0165
With MetS	1	0.882 (0.590–1.319)	0.352 (0.048–2.590)
Low BMI^2	1	1.345 (1.121–1.613)	2.170 (1.402–3.359)	0.1745
High BMI		1.046 (0.777–1.409)	1.389 (0.596–3.236)
Low energy intake^3	1	1.199 (0.975–1.474)	2.740 (1.742–4.310)	0.0084
High energy intake	1	1.350 (0.997–1.719)	1.027 (0.474–2.229)
Low CHO^4	1	1.561 (1.174–2.077)	2.573 (1.376–4.813)	0.4478
High CHO		1.153 (0.958–1.387)	1.720 (1.048–2.823)
Low protein^5	1	1.144 (0.926–1.414)	1.983 (1.168–3.370)	0.4287
High protein		1.415 (1.126–1.778)	1.960 (1.111–3.456)
Low fat^6	1	1.114 (0.924–1.343)	2.021 (1.271–3.215)	0.0972
High fat		1.639 (1.240–2.167)	1.885 (0.932–3.815)
Low fiber^7	1	1.261 (1.057–1.505)	2.126 (1.388–3.255)	0.7071
High fiber		1.418 (0.559–3.593)	1.265 (0.915–1.749)
Low Ca^8	1	1.192 (0.960–1.480)	2.835 (1.764–4.555)	0.0131
High Ca		1.333 (0.999–1.715)	1.115 (0.561–2.218)
Low seaweed^9	1	1.276 (0.939–1.733)	3.433 (1.881–6.265)	0.0201
High seaweed		1.262 (1.081–1.473)	1.956 (1.328–2.880)
Low vegetables^10	1	1.302 (1.090–1.555)	2.195 (1.432–3.365)	0.7468
High vegetables		1.133 (0.826–1.554)	1.252 (0.496–3.160)
Low fruits^11	1	1.211 (1.011–1.451)	2.186 (1.415–3.377)	0.2953
High fruits		1.425 (1.052–1.930)	1.412 (0.602–3.313)
Low milk^12	1	1.221 (1.008–1.479)	2.908 (1.923–4.396)	<0.0001
High milk		1.346 (1.034–1.752)	0.343 (0.084–1.401)
Low DII^13	1	1.381 (1.018–1.873)	3.451 (1.823–6.533)	0.0499
High DII		1.225 (0.998–1.456)	1.514 (0.925–2.477)
Low coffee^14	1	1.053 (0.829–1.336)	2.443 (1.421–4.201)	0.0189
High coffee		1.431 (1.167–1.756)	1.615 (0.925–2.823)
Low alcohol^15	1	1.291 (1.075–1.550)	1.681 (1.024–2.758)	0.3348
High alcohol		1.184 (0.884–1.585)	2.567 (1.375–4.791)
Nonsmoking	1	1.305 (1.104–1.541)	1.836 (1.193–2.825)	0.1947
Former + current smoking		1.020 (0.668–1.558)	2.700 (1.120–6.513)
No exercise^16	1	1.361 (1.082–1.712)	2.025 (1.127–3.641)	0.6968
Exercise		1.198 (0.972–1.477)	1.893 (1.131–3.169)
Low KBD^17	1	1.262 (1.081–1.473)	1.956 (1.328–2.880)	0.7043
High KBD		1.216 (1.006–1.469)	1.960 (1.220–3.147)
Low WSD^17	1	1.227 (1.056–1.426)	1.830 (1.254–2.673)	0.8925
High WSD		1.234 (1.030–1.477)	1.774 (1.107–2.842)
Low RBD^17	1	1.202 (0.998–1.493)	1.806 (1.208–2.650)	0.0638
High RBD		1.117 (0.930–1.341)	1.558 (0.951–2.552)

Values represent the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. PRS with 7 SNPs was divided into three categories (0–4, 5–7, and ≥8) by tertiles as the low, medium, and high PRS groups of the best model of GMDR. The cutoff points were as follows: ¹ <55 years old, ² <25 kg/m2 BMI, ³ <estimated energy intake, ⁴ < 70% carbohydrate (CHO) intake, ⁵ < 13% protein intake, ⁶ < 15% fat intake, ⁷ < 5 g/d fiber intake, ⁸ < 500 mg/d Ca intake, ⁹ <2.65 g/day seaweed intake, ¹⁰ < 160 g/d vegetable intake, ¹¹ < 82 g/d fruits intake, ¹² < 150 ml/d milk, ¹³ < 10.0 scores of dietary inflammation index (DII), ¹⁴ < 3 cup/week coffee intake, ¹⁵ < 20 g/d alcohol intake, ¹⁶ < moderate exercise 30 min/d for 3 times/week, and ¹⁷ <75^th percentile of each dietary pattern. Multiple logistic regression models include the corresponding main effects, interaction terms of SNPs and main effects (energy and nutrient intake), and potential confounders such as age, gender, residence areas, initial menstruation age, menopause, pregnancy experience, income, education, energy intake, seaweed intake, smoking status, physical activity, WBC count, alcohol intake, autoimmune diseases including asthma and allergy, hyperthyroid treatments, and survey year. Multiple logistic regression models include the corresponding main effects, interaction terms of SNPs and main effects (energy and nutrient intake), and potential confounders. Reference was the low-PRS. KBD, Korean balanced diet intake; WSD, Western-style diet intake; and RBD, rice-based diet intake.